“…Large bony and cartilaginous fishes are another key component of the megafauna ensemble occurring in the region, including six tropical and temperate tuna, five billfishes/spearfishes, five sun/moon fishes, three large groupers (one endemic to Macaronesia) and over 60 species of benthic and pelagic sharks and rays (Porteiro et al, 2010;Das and Afonso, 2017) (Table 1). In the case of tuna/billfishes and pelagic/deepsea sharks, this represents a relatively high diversity (e.g., Das and Afonso, 2017). Some are mostly visitors during the warmer season, i.e., June to November (e.g., tropical tuna and billfishes, mobulid rays, whale shark), but others apparently use the area throughout their lives (e.g., groupers, several deepwater sharks, Afonso et al, 2011;Reid et al, 2019) or as a long-term nursery ground for juvenile growth (e.g., blue, smooth hammerhead and tope sharks, Afonso et al, 2014b).…”