Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage: consequences on animal nutrition and N balance

Peyraud, Jean‐Louis; Astigarraga, Laura

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00191-0

Cited by 177 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These findings agree with previous observations (Liu et al, 2011;Lupwayi and Haque, 1999) that N fertilization increases biomass decomposition, but suggest that factors other than litter N concentration accelerate decomposition in N-enriched litter. An example of such a factor is an increase in C lability resulting from N enrichment (Peyraud and Astigarraga, 1998), which is a result of N promoting growth of succulent herbage with a low cell wall content (Waite, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns in decomposition and nutrient release from East African savanna grasses grown under contrasting nutrient conditions

Ngatia¹,

Reddy²,

Nair³

et al. 2014

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns in decomposition and nutrient release from East African savanna grasses grown under contrasting nutrient conditions

Ngatia¹,

Reddy²,

Nair³

et al. 2014

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Lowering the levels of N fertilisation is a very efficient mean for reducing N losses in ruminants. Most N-balance measurements indicate a marked reduction of N excreted via urine, which is fully explained by variations in urea-N excretion which in turn is primarily attributable to an ample decrease of N losses in the rumen (Peyraud and Astigarraga, 1998). However, reducing N fertilisation dramatically reduce DM yield and alternative strategies must be considered to reduce harmful N emissions to the environment.…”

Section: Variation Of Nutrient Supply At Grazing Relative To Animal Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept is that provision of readily available energy can have a significantly positive influence on N utilisation efficiency and animal performance. Increased WSC content is generally associated to a decrease in N content, particularly when N fertilisation level is reduced (Peyraud and Astigarraga, 1998). In the above-cited studies, however, increasing WSC decreased NDF and did not affect N content.…”

Section: Variation Of Nutrient Supply At Grazing Relative To Animal Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing variations in dairy cow nutrient supply under grazing

Peyraud

Delagarde

2013

Animal

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Grazed pasture, which is the cheapest source of nutrients for dairy cows, should form the basis of profitable and low-input animal production systems. Management of high-producing dairy cows at pasture is thus a major challenge in most countries. The objective of the present paper is to review the factors that can affect nutrient supply for grazing dairy cows in order to point out areas with scope for improvement on managing variations in nutrient supply to achieve high animal performance while maintaining efficient pasture utilisation per hectare (ha). Reviewing the range in animal requirements, intake capacity and pasture nutritive values shows that high-producing cows cannot satisfy their energy requirements from grazing alone and favourable to unfavourable situations for grazing dairy cows may be classified according to pasture quality and availability. Predictive models also enable calculation of supplementation levels required to meet energy requirements in all situations. Solutions to maintain acceptable level of production per cow and high output per ha are discussed. Strategies of concentrate supplementation and increasing use of legumes in mixed swards are the most promising. It is concluded that although high-producing cow cannot express their potential milk production at grazing, there is scope to improve animal performance at grazing given recent developments in our understanding of factors influencing forage intake and digestion of grazed forages.

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“…Several authors [3,11,32] have reported similar changes due to the N fertilisation level in herbage chemical composition.…”

Section: Grazing Management and Sward Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Reducing N fertilisation rate decreases N content in grass and increases sugar content [3,11,32] but only marginally affects the nutritive value of grass. The voluntary dry matter intake, the digestibility and the quantity of N entering in the intestines seems to be little affected by the level of N fertilisation [11,31,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

2002

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-The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the level of reducing nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate on herbage intake and N balance of dairy cows grazing a pure perennial ryegrass pasture. The addition of a protein supplement to cows grazing the low N fertilised sward was also evaluated. Three treatments were compared over three periods of 2 weeks using 9 fistulated cows in a 3 × 3 Latin square design: HN (80 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN (0-20 kg N·ha -1 ·regrowth -1 ), LN+S (LN + 2 kg of soybean meal (SBM)). Daily herbage organic matter (OM) intake was estimated by chromic oxide dilution in the faeces. Nitrogen and ADF contents in faecal OM were used to estimate the herbage digestibility. Herbage mass, grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation pattern were measured. Nitrogen intake was estimated by the chemical composition of the defoliated herbage and urinary N was calculated by subtracting milk N and faecal N output from N intake. Digestibility (0.79), daily intake (16.4 kg OM), grazing time (512 min) and the proportion of volatile fatty acid were not affected by reducing the N fertiliser rate. These results may be explained by the moderate effect of N fertilisation on herbage mass which remained high in the LN swards (3.9 vs. 4.7 t OM·ha -1 for HN) and the rather large herbage allowance which allowed the cows to graze a herbage with a crude protein content that still remained higher than 160 g·kg -1 DM. On the LN sward, N intake was significantly lower (-80 g·d -1 ) (P < 0.01), faecal N and milk N output remained unchanged, whereas urine N output decreased (-77 g·d -1 ) (P < 0.01). Protein supplementation did not depress HOMI or grazing time, supplemented cows consumed 2.4 kg OM more (P < 0.01) and this increased milk yield by 1.3 kg·kg -1 SBM (P < 0.01). SBM supplementation largely increased N intake, and finally N excreted in the urine. It was concluded that N fertilisation, and N supplementation are efficient means to manipulate animal performances and N balance in grazing dairy cows. . Res. 51 (2002) 279-293  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002022Résumé -Influence du niveau de fertilisation azotée et de la complémentation azotée sur l'ingestion et le bilan azoté des vaches laitières pâturant du ray-grass anglais. L'effet du niveau de fertilisation azotée et de la complémentation avec du tourteau de soja (50 % normal et 50 % tanné) a été étudié chez des vaches laitières pâturant un ray-grass anglais. Trois traitements ont été comparés avec 9 vaches fistulées au niveau du rumen, selon un schéma en carré latin 3 × 3 sur des périodes de 2 semaines : HN (80 kg N·ha -1 ·cycle -1 ), LN (0-20 kg N·ha -1 ·cycle -1 ), LN+S (LN + 2 kg de tourteau de soja (SBM)). Les quantités d'herbe ingérée ont été calculées en mesurant la quantité de fèces par dilution de l'oxyde de chrome et en estimant la digestibilité de l'herbe ingérée à partir de la teneur en N et en ADF des fèces. L'azote ingéré a été estimé à partir de la composition chimique de l'herbe dé-foliée et l'azote urinaire a été ...

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Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage: consequences on animal nutrition and N balance

Cited by 177 publications

References 65 publications

Seasonal patterns in decomposition and nutrient release from East African savanna grasses grown under contrasting nutrient conditions

Seasonal patterns in decomposition and nutrient release from East African savanna grasses grown under contrasting nutrient conditions

Managing variations in dairy cow nutrient supply under grazing

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate and protein supplementation on the herbage intake and the nitrogen balance of grazing dairy cows

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