Review of the Geological Strength Index (GSI) as an Empirical Classification and Rock Mass Property Estimation Tool: Origination, Modifications, Applications, and Limitations

Hussian, Sajjad; Mohammad, Noor; Rehman, Zahid Ur; Khan, Naseer Muhammad; Shahzada, Khan; Ali, Sarfraz; Tahir, Muhammad Usman; Raza, Salim; Sherin, Saira

doi:10.1155/2020/6471837

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…An important input parameter of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is the geological strength index, developed to describe the rock structure and fracture surface conditions in a rock mass. GSI is determined by visual inspection of the mass, outcropped surfaces of mine workings and pieces of rock cores [33]. Using GSI, the mechanical behavior of the rock mass can be accurately assessed for both very poor and very good quality rocks [33].…”

Section: Figure 1 General Diagram For Gsi Assessments Based On Geolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing stability of mine workings driven in stratified rock mass

Imashev,

Suimbayeva,

Zhunusbekova

et al. 2024

Min. miner. depos.

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Purpose.The research purpose is to assess the stability of mine workings driven in a stratified rock mass by studying the influence of the stratified rock bedding angle on the rock mass stress-strain state (SSS). Methods. The research uses both experimental and numerical methods. Experimental studies are carried out using rock samples with different angles of rock layer occurrence, while numerical modeling is performed using the RS2 (Geotechnical Finite Element Analysis) software based on the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The studies are carried out on models covering the border area of the mine workings driven in the mass with the angles of rock occurrence from 0 to 75°. Findings. Experimental and numerical studies have shown that when the rock layer inclination angle changes, significant changes occur in the stress concentration zones around the mine workings. An increased rock layer inclination angle is accompanied by a change in stress distribution, which is important for assessing the stability of mine workings. A particularly strong influence is observed at the angles of rock occurrence 30° and above. Originality. The research novelty is in revealing the patterns in the stress distribution in the stratified rock masses depen-ding on the rock layer inclination angle. Research results provide new data on the rock interaction mechanisms in difficult geological conditions. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in the planning and operation of mine workings in difficult geological conditions. By taking into account the changes in stress zones caused by the rock layer inclination angle, it is possible to improve the safety and efficiency of mining operations.

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Section: Figure 1 General Diagram For Gsi Assessments Based On Geolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing stability of mine workings driven in stratified rock mass

Imashev,

Suimbayeva,

Zhunusbekova

et al. 2024

Min. miner. depos.

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“…The popularity of the early GSI was to build a bridge of communication between the experimentally measured strength parameters of rock masses and the deformation characteristics of rock outcrops [30]. It has been shown that the GSI chart can quantify the degree of tectonic deformation as a quantitative classification indicator, which gives measurability to descriptive language that relies on visual methods to obtain words with unclear meanings, such as bulky, well-interlaced, partially disturbed, etc.…”

Section: Construction Of Geological Strength Index (Gsi) With Type-2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Structure Prediction Based on Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System for Multi-Attribute Fusion: A Case Study in South Hengling Block, Qinshui Basin, China

et al. 2023

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The accurate prediction of coal structure is important to guide the exploration and development of coal reservoirs. Most prediction models are interpreted for a single sensitive coal seam, and the selection of sensitive parameters is correlated with the coal structure, but they ignore the interactions between different attributes. Part of it introduces the concept of the geological strength index (GSI) of coal rocks in order to achieve a multi-element macroscopic description and quantitative characterization of coal structure; however, the determination of coal structure involves some uncertainties among the properties of coal, such as lithology, gas content and tectonic fracture, due to their complex nature. Fuzzy inference systems provide a knowledge discovery process to handle uncertainty. The study shows that a type-2 fuzzy inference system (T2-FIS) with multi-attribute fusion is used to effectively fuse pre-stack and post-stack seismic inversion reservoir parameters and azimuthal seismic attribute parameters in order to produce more accurate prediction results for the Hengling block in the Shanxi area. The fuzzy set rules generated in this paper can provide a more reliable prediction of coal structure in the GSI system. The proposed system has been tested on various datasets and the results show that it is capable of providing reliable and high-quality coal structure predictions.

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“…The equivalent angles of friction and cohesive strengths are given by (Hussian et al, 2020) as follows:…”

Section: Practical Estimates Of Rock Mass Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling on Blasting Stress Wave in Interbedding Rheological Rockmass for the Stability of the Main Shaft of Mine

Chen

Zhao

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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High rheological property and strong mining disturbance are prominent conditions in deep rock projects, and often present a coupled process to induce rockbursts, collapse and land subsidence. This paper aims to investigate the effect of surrounding rheological rockmass on the main shaft of mine with interbedding structure under coupled blasting stress wave condition. Based on elastic damage theory and the constitutive equation of rheological rockmass, considering the total strain rate in tensor form, a double-rock model was established. The model was then validated by comparing the numerical simulations with the test results. Matlab was used to develop the COMSOL software, allowing numerical simulation of the failure of shaft rock sequentially subjected to this complex loading path. The results from the rheology-impact numerical simulations show that the double-rock rheology was greatly affected by the dynamic disturbance. Under high creep stress and constant impact stress wave, the last failure of the double-rock with higher creep stress is more severe than that of double-rock with lower creep stress. The numerical simulation of the shaft in situ stress was used to predict the collapse of the rheological rockmass with interbedding structure. The preliminary results suggest that one contribution to this phenomenon is likely related to irreversible damage in the rock during the creep-disturbance process. Dynamic disturbance also promoted the failure of the rock near the interbedding structure, but also increased the strain and stress. This may reflect the initial compaction and elastic phase the rock near the interbedding structure related to the large compressive strength of the hard rock during the dynamic disturbance. The numerical results indicate that a circle-shaped spalling damage zone is prone to develop around the shaft with increased time. We discuss the reason for the decreased stress on point A2 near the interbedding structure of the shaft by visco-elastic theory. The results clearly showed insufficient stability of surrounding rockmass, thus the initial design of shaft is not reasonable. This study has important referential significance for main shaft design for similar mines.

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Review of the Geological Strength Index (GSI) as an Empirical Classification and Rock Mass Property Estimation Tool: Origination, Modifications, Applications, and Limitations

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Assessing stability of mine workings driven in stratified rock mass

Assessing stability of mine workings driven in stratified rock mass

Coal Structure Prediction Based on Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System for Multi-Attribute Fusion: A Case Study in South Hengling Block, Qinshui Basin, China

Numerical Modeling on Blasting Stress Wave in Interbedding Rheological Rockmass for the Stability of the Main Shaft of Mine

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