Review of the harvesting and extraction program within the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

Marrone, Babetta L.; Lacey, R. E.; Anderson, David M.; Bonner, James S.; Coons, J. E.; Dale, Taraka; Downes, C. Meghan; Fernando, Sandun; Fuller, Christopher C.; Goodall, Brian; Holladay, Johnathan E.; Kadam, Kiran L.; Kalb, Daniel; Liu, Wei; Mott, Joe L.; Nikolov, Z̆ivko L.; Ogden, Kimberly L.; Sayre, Richard T.; Trewyn, Brian G.; Olivares, José A.

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.015

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Apart from bead beating and ultrasound or sonication, several researchers have assessed a portfolio of other innovative mechanical lipid extraction technologies including, but not limited to, high‐pressure homogenization, electroporation, and the like. Marrone et al 7 used different ultrasonic treatment regimes (<1 MHz) to disrupt the algae cells by cavitation and streaming, and carried out an economic analysis at liter scale. Also, sonication, hydrodynamic cavitation, and atomic force microscopy are other methods that have been explored in great detail 25,26 …”

Section: Co2‐intensified Extraction/transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae undergo several steps including cultivation, harvesting, dewatering and downstream processing before being converted to a salable product. For harvesting and dewatering, different techniques including gravity separation, flocculation, centrifugation, catalysts, electrocoagulation, microwave‐assisted separation, and the like, have been explored by Marrone et al 7 As microalgae cultures are very dilute, excessive energy is involved in any active dewatering process. For biodiesel production, microalgae cell walls must be fractured to release their triglycerides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, carbon dioxide is further exploited to lyse the algae cell walls using microbubbles. CO 2 microbubbles at high frequency along with sonic waves are attractive for fracturing cell walls due to cyclic contraction and expansion motions 7,18 . In addition to being less energy intensive 19 than alternatives to be discussed, supercritical CO 2 is regarded as a cleaner solvent for tailored lipid extraction due to its affinity for a nonpolar phase 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

et al. 2020

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Algae‐to‐biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae‐to‐biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO2 sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid‐extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega‐3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO2 is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO2 also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel.

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Section: Co2‐intensified Extraction/transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

et al. 2020

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“…Lipid extraction represents one of the significant bottlenecks for commercial exploitation of microalgae, as presently drying remains the most popular method before solvent extraction, involving high energy input and in turn high costs. [ 1–3 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Cell Disruption Strategies for Aqueous Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at High Solid Loadings

Trivedi

Atray

Agrawal

2020

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Among various renewable energy sources, the production of biofuels derived from algal lipids holds bright prospects. One of the major roadblocks in the successful commercialization of microalgal biofuels is the existing energy‐intensive lipid extraction. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to assess aqueous lipid extraction strategies from oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at a high solid loading of 15% (w/v). In this study, four surfactants and five enzymes are evaluated for cell disruption of S. obliquus. It is the first report citing cetyl pyridinium bromide as the most suitable cationic detergent for surfactant‐assisted extraction, with a lipid recovery as high as 31.4%. However, during the evaluation of enzyme‐based cell disruption, neutral protease emerges as the best biocatalyst resulting in a lipid recovery of ≈75%. Total lipid extraction is accomplished using a two solvent system comprising of water‐immiscible ethyl acetate, followed by chloroform addition. The study revalidates the fact that the biochemical composition of Scenedesmus sp. plays a vital role while identifying and formulating an efficient and green process for microalgal cell disruption for enhanced lipid extraction under aqueous conditions. Practical Applications: The results of the present study demonstrate that if the biochemical composition of any oleaginous algal cell wall is known, aqueous enzymatic lipid extraction can be employed rather than taking up the conventional route of drying followed by Soxhlet extraction. The combination of using the cheap sources of enzymes and water‐immiscible green solvents like ethyl acetate can be lucrative downstream procedures for the lipid recovery from wet algal biomass when compared to traditional procedures.

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“…The operation cost depends on the harvesting method as well as type of microalgal species. Quantitative and comprehensive cost comparisons of difference harvesting methods and microalgal types can be found in review articles, e.g., Lee et al, 2013;Barros et al, 2015 andMarrone et al, 2017. While centrifugation can harvest most algal types with rapid cell harvesting, its operational cost is much higher than others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-flotation harvesting of microalgae using a combination of electrode types

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to search for a proper system for electro-flotation harvesting of microalgae Dunaliella salina with a minimization of metal contamination. An applied electrical current caused cell aggregation and produced small bubbles which levitated cell clusters to the top surface. Since no electrolytic erosion for cathodes (negative electrodes), we tested the harvesting by using planar cathodes, lying in the bottom of the reactor, made from different materials and forms. For a given electrical current, all cathodes resulted in a similar harvesting efficiency as well as the energy consumption. Unlike the cathode, the anode (positive electrodes) usually erodes in the electrolytic process. To avoid contamination of released metal, we used only graphite plates as the anode. Different settings of graphite anode plates (located above the cathode) were studied. For a given electrical current, all cases of anode settings had a similar harvesting efficiency but the energy consumption increased with the distance between the anode and the cathode. For a given setup of electrodes, we showed that both the harvesting efficiency and the energy consumption increased with the applied electrical current. By considering the above results as well as the fact that the stainless steel plate is cheaper and easier to handle in comparison to the graphite plate, we suggest that a combination of graphite anode and stainless steel cathode is an appropriate set for microalgae harvesting with an avoidance of metal contamination. Furthermore, for a convenience of the collection of the levitated microalgae cells, the top surface should be leaved widely opened by setting the graphite anode plates near the wall of the reactor. Finally, a large scale harvesting of the microalgae cultured with outdoor conditions is demonstrated in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.

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Review of the harvesting and extraction program within the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Evaluating Cell Disruption Strategies for Aqueous Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at High Solid Loadings

Electro-flotation harvesting of microalgae using a combination of electrode types

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Review of the harvesting and extraction program within the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Evaluating Cell Disruption Strategies for Aqueous Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Scenedesmus obliquus at High Solid Loadings

Electro-flotation harvesting of microalgae using a combination of electrode types

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CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

CO₂ process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel