Review of the Hydrogen Permeability of the Liner Material of Type IV On-Board Hydrogen Storage Tank

Su, Ying; Lv, Hong; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Cunman

doi:10.3390/wevj12030130

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Type IV hydrogen tanks, which have composite material-based inner liners and are encased in an outer wrapping made of carbon fibre, can store hydrogen at a maximum pressure of 700 bar; the reported gravimetric capacity is 5.7 wt%. 115 Although type IV hydrogen tanks have been widely used in fuel cell vehicles, the system cost can reach approximately USD 500 kg −1 H 2 , which is almost twice the ultimate target (USD 266 kg −1 H 2 ) of the Department of Energy (DOE). 116 Moreover, the type V tanks are composed of lightweight composites that are integrated without a liner, thereby realizing a 20% reduction in weight.…”

Section: Hydrogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen society: from present to future

Guan,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

165

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Section: Hydrogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen society: from present to future

Guan,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

165

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“…Currently, a method involving physically compressed storage with high-pressure tanks is the only commercialized hydrogen storage technique for mobile systems. The four types of compressed tanks are classified by their cylinder's materials: Type I comprises entirely metal, Type II comprises metal liner with hoop wrapping, Type III comprises metal liner with full composite wrapping, and Type IV comprises plastic liner with full composite wrapping [16,17]. Both steel and aluminum are used in conventional high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks; however, they are not sufficiently strong.…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress Using Solid-State Materials for Hydrogen Storage: A Short Review

et al. 2022

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With the rapid growth in demand for effective and renewable energy, the hydrogen era has begun. To meet commercial requirements, efficient hydrogen storage techniques are required. So far, four techniques have been suggested for hydrogen storage: compressed storage, hydrogen liquefaction, chemical absorption, and physical adsorption. Currently, high-pressure compressed tanks are used in the industry; however, certain limitations such as high costs, safety concerns, undesirable amounts of occupied space, and low storage capacities are still challenges. Physical hydrogen adsorption is one of the most promising techniques; it uses porous adsorbents, which have material benefits such as low costs, high storage densities, and fast charging–discharging kinetics. During adsorption on material surfaces, hydrogen molecules weakly adsorb at the surface of adsorbents via long-range dispersion forces. The largest challenge in the hydrogen era is the development of progressive materials for efficient hydrogen storage. In designing efficient adsorbents, understanding interfacial interactions between hydrogen molecules and porous material surfaces is important. In this review, we briefly summarize a hydrogen storage technique based on US DOE classifications and examine hydrogen storage targets for feasible commercialization. We also address recent trends in the development of hydrogen storage materials. Lastly, we propose spillover mechanisms for efficient hydrogen storage using solid-state adsorbents.

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“…Hydrogen permeates through all dense metallic membranes including palladiumbased membranes via the same mechanism as a complex multistep process [51,52]. The transport through these membranes is modeled using the solution-diffusion approach.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sieverts Law Assumptions and ‘n’ Values in Palladium Membranes: Experimental and Theoretical Analyses

Alraeesi

Gardner

2021

Membranes

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Palladium and palladium alloy membranes are superior materials for hydrogen purification, removal, or reaction processes. Sieverts’ Law suggests that the flux of hydrogen through such membranes is proportional to the difference between the feed and permeate side partial pressures, each raised to the 0.5 power (n = 0.5). Sieverts’ Law is widely applied in analyzing the steady state hydrogen permeation through Pd-based membranes, even in some cases where the assumptions made in deriving Sieverts’ Law do not apply. Often permeation data are fit to the model allowing the pressure exponent (n) to vary. This study experimentally assessed the validity of Sieverts’ Law as hydrogen was separated from other gases and theoretically modelled the effects of pressure and temperature on the assumptions and hence the accuracy of the 0.5-power law even with pure hydrogen feed. Hydrogen fluxes through Pd and Pd-Ag alloy foils from feed mixtures (5–83% helium in hydrogen; 473–573 K; with and without a sweep gas) were measured to study the effect of concentration polarization (CP) on hydrogen permeance and the applicability of Sieverts’ Law under such conditions. Concentration polarization was found to dominate hydrogen transport under some experimental conditions, particularly when feed concentrations of hydrogen were low. All mixture feed experiments showed deviation from Sieverts’ Law. For example, the hydrogen flux through Pd foil was found to be proportional to the partial pressure difference (n ≈ 1) rather than being proportional to the difference in the square root of the partial pressures (n = 0.5), as suggested by Sieverts’ Law, indicating the high degree of concentration polarization. A theoretical model accounting for Langmuir adsorption with temperature dependent adsorption equilibrium coefficient was made and used to assess the effect of varying feed pressure from 1–136 atm at fixed temperature, and of varying temperature from 298 to 1273 K at fixed pressure. Adsorption effects, which dominate at high pressure and at low temperature, result in pressure exponents (n) values less than 0.5. With better understanding of the transport steps, a qualitative analysis of literature (n) values of 0.5, 0.5 < n < 1, and n > 1, was conducted suggesting the role of each condition or step on the hydrogen transport based on the empirically fit exponent value.

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Review of the Hydrogen Permeability of the Liner Material of Type IV On-Board Hydrogen Storage Tank

Cited by 47 publications

References 70 publications

Hydrogen society: from present to future

Hydrogen society: from present to future

Recent Progress Using Solid-State Materials for Hydrogen Storage: A Short Review

Assessment of Sieverts Law Assumptions and ‘n’ Values in Palladium Membranes: Experimental and Theoretical Analyses

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