“…However, the selection of an insecticide to be mixed with toxic baits should be based on factors such as target, lasting effect, conservation and mode of action (Sackmann et al, 2001;Estay et al, 2008;Beggs et al, 2011). Several reports addressed the use of baits plus insecticides for Vespidae (Harris and Etheridge 2001;Sackmann and Corley 2007;Hanna et al, 2012), frequently including insecticides as chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fipronil, permethrin, triflumuron, etc., but only a few reports tested imidacloprid (where wasps were confined, thus set up is not fully comparable), spinosad, or abamectin (Al-Heyari et al, 2016;Kishi and Goka, 2017). Based on the LC 50 value reported for workers (Estay et al, 2008), fipronil (28 mg L -1 ) seems to be the best choice if the toxic bait targets larvae in the nest.…”