Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions

Kessler, Alexander T.; Bhatt, Alok A.

doi:10.4103/jcis.jcis_46_18

Cited by 39 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Plain radiography and sialography are useful for detecting calcifications and the ductal system of salivary glands. Sialography is still used in identifying sialolithiasis or dilatating strictures in chronic sialadenitis . However, these radiological diagnostic methods cannot adequately visualise the majority of salivary gland neoplasms and have been mainly replaced by cross‐sectional imaging, ie, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .…”

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sialography is still used in identifying sialolithiasis or dilatating strictures in chronic sialadenitis . However, these radiological diagnostic methods cannot adequately visualise the majority of salivary gland neoplasms and have been mainly replaced by cross‐sectional imaging, ie, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . US is typically widely accepted as the first imaging method for assessment of lymph nodes and soft‐tissue diseases of head and neck, as well as for diseases of major salivary glands .…”

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these radiological diagnostic methods cannot adequately visualise the majority of salivary gland neoplasms and have been mainly replaced by cross‐sectional imaging, ie, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . US is typically widely accepted as the first imaging method for assessment of lymph nodes and soft‐tissue diseases of head and neck, as well as for diseases of major salivary glands . US image of WT in the parotid gland usually features a round or ovoid hypoechoic mass containing microcystic anechoic areas.…”

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US image of WT in the parotid gland usually features a round or ovoid hypoechoic mass containing microcystic anechoic areas. Although these US features are useful and point to WT, US‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is needed for accurate preoperative diagnosis . However, there are some limitations of US, ie, the difficulty of distinguishing between benign and malignant neoplasms and, in diagnostics of parotid tumours, limited visualisation of its deep lobe .…”

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these US features are useful and point to WT, US‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is needed for accurate preoperative diagnosis . However, there are some limitations of US, ie, the difficulty of distinguishing between benign and malignant neoplasms and, in diagnostics of parotid tumours, limited visualisation of its deep lobe . Thus, the algorithm for imaging of salivary glands, besides US, includes nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced CT, nonenhanced and contrast‐enhanced MRI, sialography and MR sialography, applied in the most appropriate order depending on the clinical data.…”

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytopathology and diagnostics of Warthin's tumour

Sučić

Ljubić²,

Perković³

et al. 2020

Cytopathology

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Warthin's tumour (WT) is a benign epithelial salivary tumour, one type of salivary adenoma. Histologically, WT is structured of two components, epithelial tissue that often lines cystic formations and lymphoid tissue in the tumour stroma. FNA is a reliable diagnostic approach in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions allowing a highly accurate categorization of benign tumour‐like lesions, benign tumours and malignant tumours. In the proposed Milan reporting system of salivary gland lesions, WT is categorized in the IVA group of benign neoplasms. Accurate cytological diagnosis is straightforward when three characteristic components are present: oncocytes, either isolated or associated in clusters, lymphocytes and lymphoid cells and often an inflammatory/necrotic‐like substance. Also, specific features of scintigraphy and radiological imaging contribute to the diagnosis of WT. WT is categorized according to Seifert G. et al in 4 types, depending on the proportions of the epithelial component and lymphoid stroma. Differential cytopathological and pathohistological diagnosis include other salivary gland lesions with lymphoid, oncocytic epithelial and cystic components. In some cases, such as the metaplastic WT variant, there are additional cytopathological and histological diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, bilateral, multicentric or multiple and infrequently seen extra‐salivary localizations of WT are associated with further cytopathological diagnostic difficulties. Also, a rare possibility of malignant transformation of the epithelial or lymphoid component of WT as well as possible association with other primary tumours remains a challenge in accurate cytopathological and histological diagnosis of WT.

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Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wt Scintigraphy and Radiological Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cytopathology and diagnostics of Warthin's tumour

Sučić

Ljubić²,

Perković³

et al. 2020

Cytopathology

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A molecular guide to systemic therapy in salivary gland carcinoma

et al. 2023

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Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are a rare and variable group of head and neck cancers with historically poor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the recurrent, advanced, and metastatic settings. In the last decade, a number of targetable molecular alterations have been identified in SGCs including HER2 upregulation, androgen receptor overexpression, Notch receptor activation, NTRK gene fusions, and RET alterations which have dramatically improved treatment outcomes in this disease. Here, we review the landscape of precision therapy in SGC including current options for systemic management, ongoing clinical trials, and promising future directions.

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