The current literature on marsupial phylogenetics includes numerous studies based on analyses of morphological data with relatively limited sampling of Recent and fossil taxa, and many studies based on analyses of molecular data that include a dense sampling of Recent taxa, but relatively few that combine both data types. Another dichotomy in the 9 2021) belonging to seven clades that are currently ranked as orders in the Linnean hierarchy (Table 1; Aplin and Archer, 1987;Wilson and Reeder, 2005;Burgin et al., 2018;Eldridge et al., 2019): Didelphimorphia (opossums), Paucituberculata (shrew opossums), Microbiotheria (the "monito del monte" Dromiciops gliroides), Dasyuromorphia (predominantly carnivorous forms such as quolls, antechinuses, dunnarts, the Tasmanian devil, the numbat, and the recently extinct thylacine), Diprotododontia (possums, gliders, kangaroos, wallabies, rat kangaroos, wombats, koalas, etc.), Notoryctemorphia (marsupial moles), and Peramelemorphia (bandicoots and bilbies).
Dromiciops gliroides (the sole extant microbiotherian) and the three genera of modern paucituberculatans (Caenolestes, Lestoros, and Rhyncholestes, all members of the family Caenolestidae) are exclusively South American in distribution (Gardner, 2008). Fossil members of both orders are known from South America (