Review of the methods for determination of reactive oxygen species and suggestion for their application in advanced oxidation induced by dielectric barrier discharges

Abstract

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) particularly non-thermal plasmas based on electrical discharges have been widely investigated for water and wastewater treatment. Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) generate large amounts of selective and non-selective reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, atomic oxygen, superoxide molecular anions and hydroxyl radicals, having been proved to be efficient for water decontamination among various forms of electrical discharge systems. The detection and quantification methods of these oxygen species in non-thermal plasmas have been reviewed. However, their application in dielectric barrier discharge has not been well studied. It is therefore imperative to summarise the various detection and quantification methods for oxygen-based species determination in AOPs, aqueous systems and non-thermal plasma processes. Thereafter, reviewed methods are suggested for the determination of ROS in DBD configurations to understand the consumption trend of these oxidants during treatment of water effluents and to evaluate the performance of the treatment reactor configuration towards the degradation of targeted pollutants.

Analysis of Short-Lived Reactive Species in Plasma–Air–Water Systems: The Dos and the Do Nots

“…Spectrophotometry is most commonly employed to detect and quantify these species. 41 For example, H 2 O 2 is often measured using colorimetry with titanium(IV) oxalate or vanadate solutions. 27,30 The colorimetric detection of the nitrate/nitrite pair uses Griess reagent and is not influenced by other longlived plasma RONS.…”

“…Optical spectroscopic methods are probably the most widely used methods for the detection of short-lived RONS via modification of substrates, both historically and based on the equipment availability. Some of them used in plasma-liquid research are described in the recent review by Massima Mouele et al 41 Many of the chemical reactions used in these methods were adapted by the plasma community from known analyses in biological milieu and are sometimes used disregarding the limitations. Here, we present a general description of the methods with several examples to show some selectivity-based limitations.…”

“…62 Spin traps undergo addition reactions with radicals, yielding more persistent radical adducts, which can be monitored by ESR within reasonable time scales (minutes to hours). 41,63 Another method is using a spin probe: usually a hydroxylamine of a stable nitroxide. 64 Upon reaction with RONS, a stable nitroxide is formed via the abstraction of an H atom from the hydroxylamine group, and the concentration of this nitroxide radical is measured.…”

Validation of colorimetric assays for hydrogen peroxide, nitrate and nitrite ions in complex plasma‐treated water solutions

“…Direct measurement of RONS in PTWS is achieved in water or simple water solutions (i.e., phosphate buffer, NaCl) by means of electrochemical, [33] chromatographic [34] or UV absorption methods. [35][36][37] The most common approach, however, is the indirect detection through the use of chemicals sensitive to specific RONS, such as spin traps, [38][39][40][41] fluorimetric, [42,43] chemiluminescent, [44] electrochemical [45] and colorimetric probes. [17,[46][47][48] In consideration of ease and high robustness towards drastic variations in the environment in which they are performed, colorimetric and fluorimetric assays are widely established as the most common method to detect H 2 O 2 , NO 2 − and NO 3…”

Reactions of Microorganisms with Atomic Oxygen Radical Anions: Damage of Cells and Irreversible Inactivation

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion radical (O 2 -), the hydroxyl radical (OH), and the singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), are key chemical species in the biochemical processes and exert a very important effect on organisms [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Organisms can suffer lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA injuries, and enzyme inactivation by ROS [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”