Review of the Modern Concepts on the Dynamics of Rock Strata Deformation Over the Longwalls Gob of Coal Mines

Abstract

Purpose. Analysis of modern studies of the processes of deformation of rock strata in the undermine zone during the development of coal seams in order to determine the general features and views that allow to substantiate the mechanistic model of deformations and subsidence. Methods. The work uses the method of engineering analysis, synthesis and generalization of information from various literary sources. Findings. Retrospective analysis of scientific studies devoted to the consequences of underground mining of stratum minerals by longwalls allowed to determine the main components of the process of deformation and movement of rocks in the undermine zone. Based on the conducted analysis, it was concluded that in the process of subsidence in the rock strata during the excavation of coal seams with the roof collapse method, different scientists distinguish from three to nine zones. The main three zones, which are components of all existing hypotheses today, are: the collapse zone, the zone of complete displacements, the zone of destruction. Based on the formation of these three zones, it is advisable to develop a schematic diagram of models for prognostic research. Originality consists in establishing the general mechanism of deformation and movement of the rock strata in the zone of longwall undermine. Practical implication. The research results can be used in the selection and justification of the mechanistic model, which is the basis of the calculation scheme during mathematical modeling. This will allow to provide high-quality results of forecasting subsidence of the earth's surface by longwall mining, as well as to adequately assess the effectiveness of measures to protect surface infrastructure objects. Keywords: earth's surface displacement, surface undermine, landslides, displacement trough, surface displacement forecast.