Review of the role of refined dietary sugars (fructose and glucose) in the genesis of retinal disease

Kearney, Frances M; Fagan, Xavier; Al-Qureshi, Salmaan

doi:10.1111/ceo.12290

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…Studies in developing countries have suggested that shifting diets in those regions contribute to difficulties with diabetes management. Elements of this diet include a change from whole grains towards refined and processed food, in particular those containing fructose …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elements of this diet include a change from whole grains towards refined 50 and processed food, 51 in particular those containing fructose. 52 A number of interventions have been tested and demonstrated to improve diabetes management. A recent review 53 found that 17 of 23 studies involving diabetes self-management programs in developing countries showed significant positive impacts on HbA1c or behaviour change (e.g.…”

Section: Controlling Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing risk factors, screening, and preventative treatment for diabetic retinopathy in developing countries: a review

Lin

Ramulu

Lamoureux

et al. 2016

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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The number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) has increased with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, especially in developing countries. In recent years, the successful implementation of public health programs in developed countries has been thought to contribute to decreases in blindness from DR. Developing countries, however, have not seen the same improvements, and their public health interventions still face significant challenges. In this review we describe the current state of public health approaches including risk factor control, screening and treatment techniques for DR in developing countries, and suggest recommendations. While the awareness of DR is variable, specific knowledge about DR is low, such that many patients have already experienced vision loss by the time they are screened. Attempts to improve rates of screening, in particular through non-mydriatic cameras and tele-screening, are ongoing and promising, although challenges include collaboration with healthcare systems and technology failures. Laser treatment is the most readily available, with anti-VEGF therapy and vitreo-retinal surgery increasingly sought after and provided. Recommendations include the use of 'targeted mydriasis' for fundus imaging to address high rates of ungradable images, increased communication with diabetes management services to improve patient retention and mobilization of access to DR treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlling Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing risk factors, screening, and preventative treatment for diabetic retinopathy in developing countries: a review

Lin

Ramulu

Lamoureux

et al. 2016

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In both laboratory and animal models, near UV and blue light, which are components of the SR spectrum at the Earth’s surface, have proven to induce photochemical damage of the retina [ 101 , 102 ]. Accordingly, long-term SR exposure, as reported by the WHO [ 38 ], is a risk factor for MD [ 97 , 101 , 103 ], together with other factors, such as age, smoking, diabetes, inheritance, and alcohol abuse [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. Therefore, outdoor workers can be considered at risk for the development of this disease.…”

Section: Adverse Health Effects Of Solar Radiation Exposure In Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk

Modenese

Korpinen

Gobba

2018

IJERPH

162

164

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A considerably high number of outdoor workers worldwide are constantly exposed for the majority of their working life to solar radiation (SR); this exposure is known to induce various adverse health effects, mainly related to its ultraviolet (UV) component. The skin and the eye are the principal target organs for both acute and long-term exposure. Actinic keratosis, non-melanoma skin cancers, and malignant melanoma are the main long-term adverse skin effects, whereas in the eye pterygium, cataracts, and according to an increasing body of evidence, macular degeneration may be induced. Despite this, SR exposure risk is currently undervalued, if not neglected, as an occupational risk factor for outdoor workers. SR exposure is influenced by various environmental and individual factors, and occupation is one of the most relevant. For a better understanding of this risk and for the development of more effective prevention strategies, one of the main problems is the lack of available and adequate methods to estimate SR worker exposure, especially long-term exposure. The main aims of this review were to provide a comprehensive overview of SR exposure risk of outdoor workers, including the UV exposure levels and the main methods recently proposed for short-term and cumulative exposure, and to provide an update of knowledge on the main adverse eye and skin effects. Finally, we also outline here preventive interventions to reduce occupational risk.

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“…The eye is particularly vulnerable to damage from direct and indirect effects of chronically elevated blood glucose due in part to its limited capacity for cellular turnover, limited roles for glucose transporters, and the high metabolic activity of the retina. Hyperglycemia has been clearly associated with DR, AMD, and cataracts [ 45 ]. There are multiple co-occurring pathways by which hyperglycemia can lead specifically to eye disease.…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Dietary Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases

et al. 2020

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Over a third of older adults in the U.S. experience significant vision loss, which decreases independence and is a biomarker of decreased health span. As the global aging population is expanding, it is imperative to uncover strategies to increase health span and reduce the economic burden of this age-related disease. While there are some treatments available for age-related vision loss, such as surgical removal of cataracts, many causes of vision loss, such as dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), remain poorly understood and no treatments are currently available. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the factors that contribute to disease progression for age-related vision loss and to uncover methods for disease prevention. One such factor is the effect of diet on ocular diseases. There are many reviews regarding micronutrients and their effect on eye health. Here, we discuss the impact of dietary patterns on the incidence and progression of age-related eye diseases, namely AMD, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Then, we focus on the specific role of dietary carbohydrates, first by outlining the physiological effects of carbohydrates on the body and then how these changes translate into eye and age-related ocular diseases. Finally, we discuss future directions of nutrition research as it relates to aging and vision loss, with a discussion of caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, drug interventions, and emerging randomized clinical trials. This is a rich field with the capacity to improve life quality for millions of people so they may live with clear vision for longer and avoid the high cost of vision-saving surgeries.

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Review of the role of refined dietary sugars (fructose and glucose) in the genesis of retinal disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 91 publications

Addressing risk factors, screening, and preventative treatment for diabetic retinopathy in developing countries: a review

Addressing risk factors, screening, and preventative treatment for diabetic retinopathy in developing countries: a review

Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk

Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases

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