Review of the tribology of diamond-like carbon

Grill, A.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(93)90210-d

Cited by 330 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Under any ambient conditions, UNCD rubbing against itself exhibits very low COF since water is an effective interfacial lubricant on the already passivated coating. In contrast, the moisture present in the atmosphere for DLN selfmated contacts is responsible for the higher friction since it is speculated the mixed carbon sp 2 (graphitic) to sp 3 (diamond) bonding is not fully passivated of dangling bonds [3,4]. In summary, DLN transfers to the counterface easily and thus self-mated contacts Fig.…”

Section: Dln Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DLC family of coatings is known to exhibit an unusual combination of tribological and mechanical properties: low friction coefficients and low wear rates in dry and ambient air, relatively high hardness, and high elastic modulus [3,4]. However, the ability of DLC family of coatings to lubricate parts in pressure regimes relevant to microsystems operation is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diamond-like nanocomposite coatings for LIGA-fabricated nickel alloy parts.

Prasad¹,

Scharf²

2005

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A commercial plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique with planetary substrate rotation was used to apply a thin (200-400 nm thick) conformal diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating (known as a diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN)) on LIGA fabricated Ni-Mn alloy parts. The PECVD technique is known to overcome the drawbacks associated with the line-of-sight nature of physical vapor deposition (PVD) and substrate heating inherent with traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The purpose of the present study is to characterize the coverage, adhesion, and tribological (friction and wear) behavior of DLN coatings applied to planar and sidewall surfaces of small featured LIGA Ni-Mn fabricated parts, e.g. 280 μm thick sidewalls. Friction and wear tests were performed in dry nitrogen, dry air, and air with 50% RH at Hertzian contact pressures ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 GPa. The friction coefficient of bare Ni-Mn alloy was determined to be 0.9. In contrast, low friction coefficients (~0.02 in dry nitrogen and ~0.2 in 50% RH air) and minimal amount of wear were exhibited for the DLN coated LIGA Ni-Mn alloy parts and test coupons. This behavior was due to the ability of the coating to transfer to the rubbing counterface providing low interfacial shear at the sliding contact; resultantly, coating one surface was adequate for low friction and wear. In addition, a 30 nm thick titanium bond layer was determined to be necessary for good adhesion of DLN coating to Ni-Mn alloy substrates. Raman spectroscopy and cross-sectional SEM with energy dispersive x-ray analysis revealed that the DLN coatings deposited by the PECVD with planetary substrate rotation covered both the planar and sidewall surfaces of LIGA fabricated parts, as well as narrow holes of 300 μm (0.012") diameter.SAND report 3

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Section: Dln Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond-like nanocomposite coatings for LIGA-fabricated nickel alloy parts.

Prasad¹,

Scharf²

2005

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“…Diagrama de fases ternário para ligas de carbono amorfo hidrogenado [5]. O baixo coeficiente de atrito associado aos DLCs muitas vezes está aliado a formação de tribocamadas que por sua vez são resultado, principalmente, da transferência de material do DLC para o contracorpo (grafitização) [7][8]. A gênese dessas tribocamadas é fortemente dependente da atmosfera do contato, segundo os autores Lifang,Guang, Erdemir, Bindal et al [9,10], no contato do DLC contra aço, o aumento da umidade atmosférica, seja de ar, oxigênio ou nitrogênio reduz o coeficiente de atrito do par.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Genese E Estabilidade De Tribocamadas Em Lubrificação Solida Caso Do Par Dlc–aço Inoxidável

Salvaro¹,

Silvério²,

Binder³

et al. 2018

ABM Proceedings

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ResumoA morfologia, dimensões e composição química de tribocamadas são fortemente dependentes das pressões e temperaturas existentes no contato e oriundas das reações das superfícies entre si, com a atmosfera, com os lubrificantes e contaminantes presentes no contato. No presente artigo foi analisada a formação de tribocamadas em pares DLCaço inoxidável testados por 180, 500, 1000 e 2500 horas em atmosfera de gás refrigerante R134a sem a presença de óleo lubrificante. A caracterização foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (MEV-EDS) (morfologia e composição química) e interferometria ótica de luz branca (dimensões). Nas análises por MEV-EDS foram identificadas tribocamadas que se apresentaram mais pronunciadas nas superfícies do aço inoxidável sendo as mesmas oriundas de transferências mútuas entre os pares tribológicos bem como oxidação. A espessura das tribocamadas, por sua vez variou de 100 a 500 nm. Os resultados revelam que as tribocamadas são quimicamente estáveis e que suas espessuras não variam significativamente após mil horas de ensaio. Palavras-chave: Tribologia, tribocamada, Carbono tipo-diamante (DLC). GENESIS AND STABILITY OF TRIBOLAYERS IN SOLID LUBRICATION: CASE OF PAIR DLC-STAINLESS STEEL AbstractThe morphology, dimensions and chemical composition of tribolayers strongly depend on the pressures and temperatures acting on the contact. They are formed by reactions between the surfaces in contact with each other as well as with the atmosphere, lubricants and possible contaminants. In this paper the influence of test time (180, 500, 1000 and 2500 h) into the formation and characteristics of tribolayers in pairs DLC-stainless steel tested under refrigerant gas R134a atmosphere without presence of lubricating oil was analyzed. The characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (morphology and chemical composition) and white light interferometry (dimensions). The tribolayers thicknesses ranged from 100 to 500 nm and they were composed by elements originated from mutual transfers between the tribological pairs as well as oxides, being more pronounced on the stainless steel surface. The results show that the tribolayers are chemically stable (maintained the same composition over time) and the thickness remained stable after a thousand hours of testing.

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“…These materials are widely known as the diamond and Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coatings. They are usually harder than most metals and/or alloys, thus affording very high wear resistance and, at the same time, impressive friction coefficients generally in the range of 0.05-0.2 [60] [61] [62]. In some cases, friction values lower than 0.01 have been reported [63] [64], offering a sliding regime often referred to as "superlubricity".…”

Section: Diamond-like Carbon Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%