Review of transport mechanisms and numerical simulation studies of preformed particle gel for conformance control

Leng, Jianqiao; Wei, Mingzhen; Bai, Baojun

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109051

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We are aware that viscoelasticity and surface properties of hydrogel particles affect the injection pressure. Some studies have reported the effect of surface properties and strength on propagation behavior. ,,, Their influence is more significant under some conditions and insignificant under other circumstances. For instance, surface properties are only pronounced when the particles are significantly smaller than the pore throat size, while it is negligible for large particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many field applications have proven that gel treatment is an effective way to reduce the unwanted water production and improve the effective sweep volume. − However, failed applications were also reported. ,,− In effective gel treatment, the gel materials are expected to easily propagate and place in the target places (i.e., channeling zones). Meanwhile, the invasion into the nontarget zones (i.e., the reservoir matrices or the oil zones) should be minimal to avoid massive formation damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micrometer-sized hydrogel particles were tested to solve the excessive water production problem. ,− The propagation behavior is important to determine the effectiveness of the gel treatment. ,− Meanwhile, however, the propagation is a complicated process due to the complex flow pathways in porous channels and the deformable nature of the particles. In field applications of gel treatments, the injection pressure is limited as the bottom hole pressure is usually constrained below the fracturing or parting pressure of the formation. ,− On the other hand, the gel materials should transport a certain distance away from the wellbore to achieve a satisfactory conformance control performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation of Swellable Microgels through Superpermeable Channels: Impact of Particle–Pore Matching Size Relationship

et al. 2021

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Excessive water production during fossil fuel extraction causes worldwide environmental and economic challenges. Micrometer-sized hydrogel particles were tested to solve the problem. Propagation behavior of the microgel particles in superpermeable channels (i.e., target locations of the particles) plays a key role in the effectiveness of the technology. The impact of the particle–pore matching size relationship was systematically studied. Microgel dispersions were injected into superpermeable channels (55–221 darcies, mimicked with sand packs). We observed that a critical (minimum) pressure gradient (∇P cr) was required to drive the gel particles to propagate through the channels. Below ∇P cr, the gels could not transport in the porous channels. The existence of the ∇P cr was confirmed with gel injection experiments carried out in constant-injection-pressure mode. The particle-to-pore matching size ratio (MSR) had a significant impact on the ∇P cr. The ∇P cr increased exponentially with the MSR at relatively low MSRs (<2). The ∇P cr was lower than 60 psi/ft. A correlation was proposed to describe the ∇P cr–MSR relationship in the superpermeable channels. Diagrams were developed to estimate the maximum propagation distance of the gels in channels in conceptual field applications. At low MSRs, the gel particles could transport a significant distance away from the wellbore, which was favorable for in-depth conformance treatments. At high MSRs, the transport distance of the gel particles was limited, which was favorable for near-wellbore treatments. The transport-distance diagrams can help engineers select proper gel products to address water channeling problems in reservoirs. Also, this work provides an effective procedure to study the impact of other parameters (e.g., dispersion concentration and gel strength) on the propagation distance of gel materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation of Swellable Microgels through Superpermeable Channels: Impact of Particle–Pore Matching Size Relationship

et al. 2021

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“…PPGs are highly swellable gel particles, which with water contact increase their volume by 20-300 times. PPGs have reduced water production to only 10 % in sandstone reservoirs and in unconsolidated reservoirs, which is why this type of gels is more suitable for naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs [37,60,61].…”

Section: Ppgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Control with Gels Based on Synthetic Polymers under Extreme Conditions in Oil Wells

et al. 2022

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A bibliographic review of research works dealing with gels based on synthetic polymers and their application in water control under harsh conditions was compiled. The extreme conditions were defined to be above 100 °C with 100 000 ppm of total dissolved solids, including divalent ions. Works describing laboratory experiments and oilfield implementations were also considered. According to current literature, some gels based on synthetic polymers have displayed desirable properties for water control, but in many cases, research is still at laboratory level. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the mode of action and stability of gels and polymers submitted to hard conditions in order to produce high‐performance prototypes.

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“…The 3D network structure of polymer gel can binds a large number of solvents and make it resistant to high formation pressure. As a result, polymer gels are polymer materials that have adjustable strength and suitable deformability and pumpability [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], which makes them widely used in oil-gas engineering, such as formation plugging, lost circulation control, profile control, water shutoff, fracturing during production, and wellbore strengthening during oil-gas drilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and Performances of Polymer Gels for Oil-Gas Drilling and Production: A Review

Lei

Sun

et al. 2022

Gels

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Polymer gels with suitable viscoelasticity and deformability have been widely used for formation plugging and lost circulation control, profile control, and water shutoff. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the preparation principle, temperature resistance, salt resistance, and mechanical properties of the ground and in situ crosslinked polymer gels for oil-gas drilling and production engineering. Then, it comparatively analyzes the applicable conditions of the two types of polymer gel. To expand the application range of polymer gels in response to the harsh formation environments (e.g., high temperature and high salinity), we reviewed strategies for increasing the high temperature resistance, high salt resistance, and rheological/mechanical strengths of polymer gels. This article provides theoretical and technical references for developing and optimizing polymer gels suitable for oil-gas drilling and production.

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Review of transport mechanisms and numerical simulation studies of preformed particle gel for conformance control

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Propagation of Swellable Microgels through Superpermeable Channels: Impact of Particle–Pore Matching Size Relationship

Propagation of Swellable Microgels through Superpermeable Channels: Impact of Particle–Pore Matching Size Relationship

Water Control with Gels Based on Synthetic Polymers under Extreme Conditions in Oil Wells

Types and Performances of Polymer Gels for Oil-Gas Drilling and Production: A Review

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