Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions

Joshi, Ameya

doi:10.4271/2020-01-0352

Cited by 124 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This ZLEV category includes battery full electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). This strategy opens the door to original engine manufacturers to meet CO 2 fleet requirements offering PHEV powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs), without the need to resort to BEV extensively [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions

et al. 2020

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The earlier activation of the catalytic converters in internal combustion engines is becoming highly challenging due to the reduction in exhaust gas temperature caused by the application of CO2 reduction technologies. In this context, the use of pre-turbine catalysts arises as a potential way to increase the conversion efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment system. In this work, a small-sized oxidation catalyst consisting of a honeycomb thin-wall metallic substrate was placed upstream of the turbine to benefit from the higher temperature and pressure prior to the turbine expansion. The change in engine performance and emissions in comparison to the baseline configuration are analyzed under driving conditions. As an individual element, the pre-turbine catalyst contributed positively with a relevant increase in the overall CO and HC conversion efficiency. However, its placement produced secondary effects on the engine and baseline aftertreatment response. Although small-sized monoliths are advantageous to minimize the thermal inertia impact on the turbocharger lag, the catalyst cross-section is in trade-off with the additional pressure drop that the monolith causes. As a result, the higher exhaust manifold pressure in pre-turbine pre-catalyst configuration caused a fuel consumption increase higher than 3% while the engine-out CO and HC emissions did around 50%. These increments were not completely offset despite the high pre-turbine pre-catalyst conversion efficiency (>40%) because the partial abatement of the emissions in this device conditioned the performance of the close-coupled oxidation catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability on demand of electric power is leading the focus to the use of pre-turbine ATS [4]. This layout of the exhaust line has been studied in the past and is presently revisited as a passive way to increase the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, improved SCR conversion efficiency leads to lower demand on exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), resulting in improved fuel economy and high raw NO x emission, which assists with passive filter regeneration. 22 Unfortunately, only a few studies have been carried out to maximize the NO x conversion efficiency and ensure the NH 3 slip within limits with a specific SCR systems, especially on transient conditions. 23,24 In the work by Zhang et al, 24 the authors investigated the cycle-based optimal NO x emission control for SCR systems on US06 test cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal control for selective catalytic reduction system using a model-based multi-objective genetic algorithm

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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It is challenging for aqueous urea injection control to achieve high NO x conversion efficiency while restricting tailpipe ammonia (NH3) slip. Optimizing the selective catalytic reduction systems can reduce diesel engine emissions, potentially improve fuel economy and urea utilization efficiency, and finally reduce aftertreatment costs. In this article, a model-based multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize selective catalytic reduction systems related to trade-off between NO x emission and NH3 slip. Selective catalytic reduction model is a one-state selective catalytic reduction model based on continuous stirred tank reactor theory, which significantly reduces the computational burden. The optimal NH3 coverage ratio map was obtained globally based on world harmonized transient cycle. The effect of temperature on optimal NH3 coverage ratio, Zonal control logics extracted from the optimal solution, and the control problems on different zones were analyzed. The zonal control logics were validated on multiple test cycle with different initial NH3 coverage ratios. Results show that the zonal control achieves high NO x conversion while restricting the tailpipe NH3 slip. With this method, NO x emission and NH3 slip of optimal solution can meet the requirements of the Euro VI emission regulation for heavy-duty diesel engines.

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“…Diaphragm pump is widely used in urea selective catalytic reduction (Urea-SCR) system which is one of the most promising after-treatment technologies that can reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission efficiently. [1][2][3][4][5] The pump that is widely used in non-air-assisted Urea-SCR system is one of the miniature diaphragm pumps. 6,7 The disadvantage of diaphragm pump is the pressure pulsation that occurs due to the periodic change of pump working chamber volume and opening of the port valves, which can lead to vibration of piping system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on dynamic characteristics of a plate-type discharge valve in a diaphragm pump for SCR system by two-way FSI model

Shi

Yang

Pan

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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A plate-type port valve with rubber valve plate in a miniature diaphragm pump is presented. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of this type of discharge valve, a two-way fluid structure interaction model is proposed. The interaction between the dynamic behavior of the fluid and rubber is considered in the fluid structure interaction model. Based on the fluid structure interaction model, the internal flow of the pump, the deflection of the diaphragm and discharge valve plate is calculated. To verify the validity of the numerical model, a prototype pump is fabricated and tested. The experimental pressures in the working chamber of the pump show the same overall trends with the numerical results. The deviations between the numerical and experimental flowrates are less than 7.2%. The experimental results prove that the numerical model is effective in predicting a complete discharge process of the pump. There is a big difference between the deflection of the center of the valve plate and the edge of the valve plate. The oscillation period of the pressure in the working chamber of the pump is approximately double that of the discharge valve plate. When the pump speed is lower than 2500 r/min, it has little influence on the lag angles of the discharge valve under rated pressure. The lag angles at rated pump speed increase when the backpressures increase. The stress of the discharge valve plate reaches a peak when the valve plate impact on the valve limiter or valve seat.

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Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions

Cited by 124 publications

References 57 publications

Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions

Influence of Pre-Turbine Small-Sized Oxidation Catalyst on Engine Performance and Emissions under Driving Conditions

Zonal control for selective catalytic reduction system using a model-based multi-objective genetic algorithm

Investigation on dynamic characteristics of a plate-type discharge valve in a diaphragm pump for SCR system by two-way FSI model

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