Review of Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy -- a diagnosis not to miss as veganism and vegetarianism become more prevalent

Rashid, Sabia; meier, violet; Patrick, Hannah

doi:10.22541/au.159769326.67479490

Cited by 3 publications

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“…16,17 In this study 68% of the women were non-vegetarians, there was a high prevalence (42.4% with vitamin B12 levels <200mg/dl) of vitamin B12 deficiency among them and 32% were vegetarian of which 51.6% had vitamin B12 deficiency, which is in accordance to the study done by Rashid et al where they found that the pregnant and lactating women on vegetarian and vegan diet were at high risk of deficiency due to increased metabolic demand of vitamin b12. 18 The higher prevalence among the nonvegetarian women can be explained as most of them belong to the low socio-economic strata (67% belonging to lower middle class and below) having low meat consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among pregnant women

Pandey

Singh

Attri

2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency (serum vitamin B12 <148pmol/L) is considered to be an important cause of anaemia in pregnancy. Pregnant women with this deficiency have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation and preterm labour. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women and its association with their dietary habits and socioeconomic status.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care institute over a period of 2 months. Pregnant women visiting antenatal OPD were included in the study and those receiving vitamin B12 supplements, antacids, antiepileptic medication or methotrexate were excluded. Each participant was subjected to a predesigned structured questionnaire and their serum vitamin B12 concentration was done using quantitative determination by microplate enzyme immunoassay.Results: Of the 97 women included, majority were in the age group 20-25years (57.73%). 87.62% (85 women) were found to have anaemia and a total of 44women (45.36%) had vitamin B12 deficiency.Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in north India is considerably high, which may be the cause of neural tube defects and poor birth outcomes and neurological deficit in children born to these mothers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among pregnant women

Pandey

Singh

Attri

2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…No existen en la actualidad guías clínicas respecto al diagnóstico de déficit de vitamina B12 en el embarazo 22 . Existe creciente interés en la inclusión de este déficit vitamínico en los programas nacionales de pesquisa neonatal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Déficit de vitamina B12 en un lactante hijo de madre portadora de anemia perniciosa

2022

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En los lactantes, el déficit de vitamina B12 se debe fundamentalmente a carencias nutricionales vinculadas a déficit materno. La mayoría de los casos de déficit materno se vinculan a dietas vegetarianas. La anemia perniciosa es una enfermedad autoinmune que compromete la absorción de esta vitamina, aunque menos frecuente que la carencia nutricional, es también una causa importante de déficit materno. Objetivo: reportar un caso de déficit de vitB12 en un lactante, secundario a anemia perniciosa en su madre, y revisar los aspectos más importantes de esta enfermedad en la infancia. Caso Clínico: Lactante de 9 meses, de sexo masculino, sin antecedentes perinatales patológicos, alimentado con lactancia materna, con rechazo persistente a la incorporación de alimentos sólidos desde los 6 meses. Un mes previo a la consulta, comenzó progresivamente con hiporreactividad, con fluctuación del estado de conciencia, regresión de conductas motoras y vómitos. El hemograma mostró anemia macrocítica y neutropenia. Se confirmó el déficit de vitamina B12 en el lactante. Recibió tratamiento con vitamina B12 intramuscular con buena evolución clínica y de los exámenes de laboratorio. Se confirmó el déficit materno de B12 como causa del déficit en el lactante. No existían restricciones en la dieta materna, por lo que se midieron en la madre los anticuerpos anti factor intrínseco y anti célula parietal que resultaron positivos, diagnosticándose anemia perniciosa. Conclusiones: El reconocimiento precoz es fundamental para prevenir el desarrollo de daño neurológico potencialmente irreversible. La anemia perniciosa materna debe ser considerada en el caso de niños con anemia megaloblástica, principalmente en aquellos cuyas madres no tengan dietas vegetarianas.

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“…The increasing popularity of plant-based diets in recent years has been driven by various motives such as perceived health benefits, environmental concerns, and ethical considerations [1,2]. These diets encompass a range of patterns with varying degrees of restriction, including lacto-ovo-vegetarian, ovo-vegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan or strict vegetarian diets, which exclude different types of animal products [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of iodine deficiency among vegan compared to vegetarian and omnivore children in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Background The intake and homeostasis of iodine, an essential micronutrient that plays a vital role in thyroid physiology, is of particular concern with the increasing popularity of vegetarian (VG) and vegan (VN) diets. Children on these restrictive diets may be at risk of possible adverse effects on growth and development, but there is currently a lack of recent epidemiological studies on this topic. Methods We gathered clinical, anthropometric, and blood/urine data on iodine status and thyroid function from children aged 0–18 years who followed either a VG diet (n = 91), VN diet (n = 75), or omnivore diet (OM, n = 52). Cross-sectional comparison of the groups and linear regression was used. Stratified analyses were performed based on age (according to WHO): 0–5 years and 6–18 years. Results Our study revealed no significant differences in levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroglobulin (TG) or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (ATPOc) between the VG, VN, and OM groups. However, thyroxine (fT4) levels were found to be higher in the VN group compared to the OM group (15.00 ± 1.73 vs. 16.17 ± 1.82 pmol/l, p < 0.001). The presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (AhTGc) was notably more common in the VG (18.2%)/VN (35.0%) groups than in the OM group (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Regarding iodine status, the concentration of iodine in spot urine (UIC) was found to be highest in the OM group (197.28 ± 105.35 vs. VG: 177.95 ± 155.88 vs. VN: 162.97 ± 164.51 µg/l, p < 0.001). Notably, the lowest (5.99 µg/l) and highest (991.80 µg/l) levels were measured in the VN group. Of the participants, 31 VN, 31 VG and 10 OM children met the criteria for iodine deficiency (i.e., UIC < 100 µg/l). We found that children with regular iodine supplementation had higher UIC (p < 0.001). Importantly, the median UIC was above 100 µg/l in all three groups, through the recommended intake (RDI) of iodine was rarely met throughout the groups. Conclusion We have observed a trend to lower UIC values in VN as compared to OM. This trend is also reflected in the median UIC values, even though the median UIC values were above the WHO cut-off (e.g., 100 µg/l) for iodine deficiency in all dietary groups. These results suggest that VN and VG children may be more at higher risk of iodine deficiency, this theory is also supported by higher prevalence of AhTGc positivity. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of these dietary patterns on iodine status and thyroid function in children. Given our findings, it may also be necessary to consider new guidelines for supplementing children following VG and VN diets to ensure their iodine needs are met.

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Review of Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy -- a diagnosis not to miss as veganism and vegetarianism become more prevalent

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Screening and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among pregnant women

Screening and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among pregnant women

Déficit de vitamina B12 en un lactante hijo de madre portadora de anemia perniciosa

Prevalence of iodine deficiency among vegan compared to vegetarian and omnivore children in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional study

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