Review of Whole-Organism Bioassays: Soil, Freshwater Sediment, and Freshwater Assessment in Canada

Keddy, Cathy J.; Greene, Joseph C.; Bonnell, Mark

doi:10.1006/eesa.1995.1027

Cited by 160 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Tuikka et al [23], who investigated seven natural sediments using a test battery similar to that of the present study (SCTs with invertebrates, fish, and bacteria), demonstrated differences in the sensitivities of the species and highlighted the need for data on multiple species, when estimating the effect of sediment pollution on the benthic community. Though it is common to use a battery of assays with different benthic macroinvertebrates to assess the toxicity of sediments [7,[10][11][12]38,39], the variety of organisms to choose from is often limited. The advantage of a test battery with diverse organisms, as in the present study, is the ability to consider a broader range of toxicity pathways, from the uptake route of contaminants into the organism to the final mode of action that triggers the toxic response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment contact tests as a tool for the assessment of sediment quality in German waters

Feiler

Höss

Ahlf

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-A sediment contact test (SCT) battery consisting of five ecotoxicological test systems was applied to 21 native freshwater sediments characterized by a broad variety of geochemical properties and anthropogenic contamination. Higher plants (Myriophyllum aquaticum), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio), and bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), representing various trophic levels and exposure pathways, were used as test organisms. The test battery detected sediment toxicity caused by anthropogenic pollution, whereas the various tests provided site-specific, nonredundant information to the overall toxicity assessment. Based on the toxicity pattern derived from the test battery, the sediments were classified according to a newly proposed classification system for sediment toxicity assessment. The SCT-derived classification generally agreed well with the application of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), especially with regard to sediments with high toxic potential. For sediments with low to medium toxic potential, the SQGs often underestimated the toxicity that was detected by the SCTs, underpinning the need for toxicity tests in sediment quality assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:144-155. # 2012 SETAC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment contact tests as a tool for the assessment of sediment quality in German waters

Feiler

Höss

Ahlf

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In the evaluation of the environmental risk posed by contaminated soils, most efforts have focused in the study of the effects to soil-dependent organisms (Keddy et al 1995;Walker et al 2006). Within this group, soil invertebrates (earthworms and springtails) are most frequently used for the assessment of lethal and sublethal responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassays with terrestrial and aquatic species as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon degradation

Bori¹,

Vallès²,

Ortega³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this study chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests were applied for the assessment of a heavily hydrocarbon-contaminated soil prior and after the application of a remediation procedure that consisted in the stimulation of soil autochthonous populations of hydrocarbon degraders in staticventilated biopiles. Terrestrial bioassays were applied in mixtures of test soils and artificial control soil and studied the survival and reproduction of Eisenia fetida and the avoidance response of E. fetida and Folsomia candida. Effects on aquatic organisms were studied by means of acute tests with Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna performed on aqueous elutriates from test soils. The bioremediation procedure led to a significant reduction in the concentration of hydrocarbons (from 34264 mg kg -1 to 3074 mg kg -1 i.e. 91% decrease) and toxicity although bioassays were not able to report a percentage decrease of toxicity as high as the percentage reduction. Sublethal tests proved the most sensitive terrestrial bioassays and avoidance tests with earthworms and springtails showed potential as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon remediation due to their high sensitivity and short duration. The concentrations of hydrocarbons in water extracts from test soils were 130 µg L -1 and 100 µg L -1 before and after remediation, respectively. Similarly to terrestrial tests, most aquatic bioassays detected a significant reduction in toxicity, which was almost negligible at the end of the treatment. D. magna survival was the most affected by soil elutriates although toxicity to the crustacean was associated to the salinity of the samples rather than to the concentration of hydrocarbons. Ecotoxicity tests with aqueous soil elutriates proved less relevant in the assessment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils due to the low hydrosolubility of hydrocarbons and the influence of the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic medium.

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“…Compared to the test using Daphnia magna, Microtox ® has advantages of short time for the test preparation (cultivation and reconstitution of bacteria) and relatively easier test method. Thus Microtox ® has been used as a standard government eco-toxicological test method in a number of countries (i.e., Canada, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Sweden, and Spain) (Keddy et al 1995;Park et al 2001). Microtox ® Bioassay is a method originally designed for aqueous samples, so it has been reported to have relatively high accuracy and reliability for liquid samples test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed method for controlling turbid particles in solid-phase bioluminescent toxicity measurement

Yeo

Park

Ahn

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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In the recent half century, numerous methods have been developed to assess ecological toxicity. However, the presence of solid-particle turbidity sometimes causes such tests to end with questionable results. Many researchers focused on controlling this arbitrary turbidity effect when using the Microtox® Solid-Phase toxicity system, but there is not yet a standard method. In this study, I examined four solid-phase sample test methods recommended in the Microtox® manual, or proposed from the literature, and compared the existing methods with the proposed method (c-BSPT, centrifuged-BSPT). Four existing methods use the following strategies to control turbid particles: complete separation of liquid and solid using 0.45-μm filtration before contacting solid samples and bacteria, natural settlement, moderate separation of large particles using coarser-pore-size filtration, and exclusion of light loss in the toxicity calculation caused by turbidity after full disturbance of samples. The proposed method uses moderate centrifugation to separate out the heavier soil particles from the lighter bacteria after direct ii contact between them. Among the solid-phase methods tested, in which the bacteria and solid particles were in direct contact (i.e., three existing methods and the newly proposed one, c-BSPT), no single method could be recommended as optimal for samples over a range of turbidity. Instead, a simple screening strategy for selecting a sample-dependent solid-phase test method was suggested, depending on the turbidity of the solid suspension.The results of this study highlight the importance of considering solid particles, and the necessity for optimal selection of test method to reduce errors in the measurement of solid-phase toxicity.

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Review of Whole-Organism Bioassays: Soil, Freshwater Sediment, and Freshwater Assessment in Canada

Cited by 160 publications

References 0 publications

Sediment contact tests as a tool for the assessment of sediment quality in German waters

Sediment contact tests as a tool for the assessment of sediment quality in German waters

Bioassays with terrestrial and aquatic species as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon degradation

Proposed method for controlling turbid particles in solid-phase bioluminescent toxicity measurement

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