Review on an arc-induced long-period fiber grating and its sensor applications

Tan, Shin-Yinn; Yong, Yun-Thung; Lee, Sheng-Chyan; Rahman, Fadzilah Abd

doi:10.1080/09205071.2015.1021019

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Several techniques have been reported concerning the fabrication process of the gratings, such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation [22], irradiation by femtosecond pulses in the infrared (IR) [23], irradiation by CO 2 lasers [24], as well as ion beam implantation, etching, mechanical arrangements, and electric arc discharges [25,26,27,28]. Besides, the LPFG usually has a period (Λ) of 100 µm to 1000 µm and the grating promotes coupling between the propagating core mode (LP 01 ) and the m different co-propagating cladding modes (LP 0m ).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 shows the fabrication scheme of the LPFG sensors. It was manufactured in a single-mode optical fiber (SMF28) using the electric arc discharges method [25,35]. The fiber was arc-induced using a fusion splicer (KL-300T, Jilong, Nanjing, China) with electrical arc discharges of 20 bits and 470 ms, grating period of Λ = 500 µm and constant external tension of 2 g weight [28].…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in UAVs for Current Measurements

Delgado

Carvalho

Coelho

et al. 2016

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose and experimentally investigate an optical sensor based on a novel combination of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a permanent magnet to measure electrical current in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed device uses a neodymium magnet attached to the grating structure, which suffers from an electromagnetic force produced when the current flows in the wire of the UAV engine. Therefore, it causes deformation on the sensor and thus, different shifts occur in the resonant bands of the transmission spectrum of the LPFG. Finally, the results show that it is possible to monitor electrical current throughout the entire operating range of the UAV engine from 0 A to 10 A in an effective and practical way with good linearity, reliability and response time, which are desirable characteristics in electrical current sensing.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Setup and Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in UAVs for Current Measurements

Delgado

Carvalho

Coelho

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…The concept of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) was introduced in 1996 by Vengsarkar et al in which a periodic modulation of the core refractive index was induced by UV laser radiation [1]. Since the grating periodicity is of the order of hundreds of micrometers several techniques have been used for LPFGs fabrication not only through exposure to UV, CO 2 , and IR femtosecond laser radiation [1][2][3] but also based on ion beam implantation, etching, mechanical arrangements, acoustic waves, broadband UV light, and electric arc discharges [4,5]. Among the different available techniques the electric arc has paved its way during the past two decades since it is a simple, flexible, and low cost technique that enables the writing of gratings in all kinds of fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2008 up to 2012 there was a decrease in the number of publications despite the contribution of research groups from Mexico [14] and Canada/Poland [15]. In the past three years we have been climbing the technique's notoriety with growing interest in Asia, namely, in Malaysia [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc-Induced Long Period Fiber Gratings

Rego

2016

Journal of Sensors

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Long period fiber gratings produced by the electric arc technique have found an increasing interest by the scientific community due to their ease to fabricate, virtually enabling the inscription in any kind of fiber, low cost, and flexibility. In 2005 we have presented the first review on this subject. Since then, important achievements have been reached such as the identification of the mechanisms responsible for gratings formation, the type of symmetry, the conditions to increase fabrication reproducibility, and their inscription in the turning points with grating periods below 200 μm. Several interesting applications in the sensing area, including those sensors working in reflection, have been demonstrated and others are expected, namely, related to the monitoring of extreme temperatures, cryogenic and high temperatures, and high sensitivity refractometric sensors resulting from combining arc-induced gratings in the turning points and the deposition of thin films in the transition region. Therefore, due to its pertinence, in this paper we review the main achievements obtained concerning arc-induced long period fiber gratings, with special focus on the past ten years.

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“…LPGs based on electric arc discharge are due to Dianov et al [24]. In the following years, the electric arc discharge technique has been widely investigated and several review papers have been published by different groups [27] [28]. In most cases, the formation of gratings is mainly attributed to fiber geometrical changes and to silica stress relaxation due to the high temperature of the arc discharge [26] [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Long-Period Gratings Written in Standard and Fluorine-Doped Fibers by Electric Arc Discharge

et al. 2016

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In this paper, we present a comparative study of long-period gratings (LPGs) written in the standard Ge-doped fiber and in two different fluorine-doped fibers by means of the electric arc discharge (EAD)-based technique. Concerning Ge-doped fibers, we present an assessment of the EAD procedure by fabricating relatively short LPGs with deep attenuation bands (up to 32 dB) and trivial power losses. We also demonstrate the ability to manage the effect of the single EAD perturbation to select grating length, which in turn acts on the bandwidth of attenuation bands, without compromising depth. Furthermore, for the first time, we produced LPGs in F-doped fibers with attenuation bands deeper than 30 dB, demonstrating the dependence of the spectra on the grating period. Finally, we illustrate a comparative experimental study on the sensitivity of LPGs fabricated in the standard and F-doped fibers with surrounding refractive index (SRI) and temperature changes. We proved that the SRI response of LPGs in F-doped fibers is significantly higher than in the standard fiber and it strongly depends on the type of F-doped fiber considered. LPGs written in F-doped fibers exhibit a slightly lower temperature sensitivity (in the range 20-30 pm/°C for λres2 cladding mode) than the LPG in the standard fiber (45 pm/°C)

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Review on an arc-induced long-period fiber grating and its sensor applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 85 publications

An Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in UAVs for Current Measurements

An Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in UAVs for Current Measurements

Arc-Induced Long Period Fiber Gratings

Comparative Study of Long-Period Gratings Written in Standard and Fluorine-Doped Fibers by Electric Arc Discharge

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