Review on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: An Approach to Overcome Drought Adversities in Plants

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“…Algunas investigaciones se han referido a la importancia que la simbiosis AMF-planta ha tenido en los sistemas agroproductivos debido al cúmulo de evidencias que han permitido constatar beneficios en las especies hospedantes (Field et al, 2015) tales como conferir tolerancia a la sequía (Ortiz et al, 2015), salinidad (Kumar et al, 2015a;Dar et al, 2018) -Dzul et al, 2011;Preciado et al, 2011).…”

“…Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la aplicación de Bacillus subtilis y Rhizoglomus intraradices sobre el crecimiento, producción y calidad de frutos de jitomate híbrido 'Caporal' y 'SV8579TE' en condiciones de un sistema de cultivo semi-hidropónico. Some research studies have referred to the importance symbiosis AMF-plant has had on the agro-productive systems due to the accumulation of evidence that has allow to confirm the benefits on the host species (Field et al, 2015) such as conferring tolerance to drought (Ortiz et al, 2015), salinity (Kumar et al, 2015;Dar et al, 2018) and toxicity to heavy metals (Singh et al, 2011); favoring the discrete absorption of nutrients of low mobility in soil (Jain & Chahar, 2016), the bidirectional interaction with herbivores (Zamioudis & Pieterse, 2012), its natural enemies and pollinators (Pineda et al, 2010), inducing systemic resistance (Pieterse et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018) or decreasing the attack of pathogenic agents from the soil (Vilvert et al, 2017). Therefore, they broaden plants' potentials to survive in adverse environmental conditions (Kim et al, 2017).…”

A Review of Studies from the Last Twenty Years on Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations and Their Uses for Wheat Crops

“…(1) Maintenance of water uptake: Mycorrhizal hyphae enter deeper into the soil and explore a great volume in search of water, helping to keep the plant watered [66]; (2) Osmotic adjustment: Some processes like stomatal opening, cellular expansion, and growth are maintained by the mycorrhizal fungus activity, allowing the cells to maintain turgor [67]; (3) Biosynthesis of trehalose: This sugar, consisting of two molecules of glucose and synthesized by the fungus, may contribute to protecting the plant from a lack of water, preserving biological nitrogen fixation and improving the plant's tolerance of drought stress [68,69]; (4) Antioxidant level increase: The concentrations of many antioxidant compounds, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, appear to be enhanced in plants colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the reduced presence of ROS such as singlet oxygen, superoxides, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals [70].…”