Review on challenges for robotic eye surgery; surgical systems, technologies, cost‐effectiveness, and controllers

Abstract

In recent decades, a number of surgical systems have been developed and are applied for a growing variety of surgeries. This review will consider the significant challenges of robotic surgery for the eye. These challenges take into account the different eye diseases, available technologies, and costs in different surgical systems for the eye. The conditions of a suitable controller will be discussed with consideration of relevant control engineering concepts. Comparison is made between the different characteristics of surgical robots for the eye. In this review, some comparisons will be made in eye surgical robots, control algorithms, sensors in surgical robots, communication protocols, and actuators.

Control and Treatment of Bone Cancer: A Novel Theoretical Study

“…As well as F designed control inputs. In this simulation, the initial conditions of healthy bone the cancerousness happens, the distances of the OC and CCs cells are more than the OB cells is less than, so the initial conditions of cancerous bone are selected a (16) with the selection of parameters values as follows:…”

“…The NTSMC is an extended version of Finite-time Sliding Mode Control methods that have been used in controlling different applica-tions. This method has been used to solve the stability and tracking problems of rigid manipulators, high-order nonlinear systems, and robotic surgery [14][15][16] . It is used for controlling some practical systems such as manipulator robots [17] , perturbed nonlinear systems [18] , DC-DC buck converters [19] , Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles [20] , underactuated underwater robots [21] , acute Leukemia therapy [22] .…”

Control and treatment of bone cancer; a novel theoretical study

“…The Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control (NTSMC) method is a robust finite-time control strategy that guarantees that the system states reach zero at a finite time. This method is presented in some studies, such as references [14][15][16]. It is used for controlling some practical systems such as manipulator robots [17], perturbed nonlinear systems [18], DC-DC buck converters [19], Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles [20], underactuated underwater robots [21], acute Leukemia therapy [22].…”