Review on City-Level Carbon Accounting

Chen, Guangwu; Shan, Yuli; Hu, Yuanchao; Tong, Kangkang; Wiedmann, Thomas; Ramaswami, A.; Guan, Dabo; Shi, Lei; Wang, Yafei

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b07071

Cited by 113 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has developed a series of guidelines for provincial greenhouse gas inventories in China (NDRC, 2011). Some additional studies even focused on a finer scale: the city level (Chen et al, 2019;. Shan et al (2018a), Shan et al (2019) and Ramaswami et al (2017) individually developed city-level emissions accounting frameworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emissions accounting framework for industrial parks in China

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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China has the largest number of industrial parks in the world. These parks are not only crucial for the country to accelerate industrialization but also to achieve its climate change targets. Constructing CO2 emission inventories for industrial parks is the first step in analysing the park's emission patterns and designing low-carbon policies. However, most of the previous emission accounts for industrial parks adopted various scopes and methodologies, making them incomparable with each other. This study develops a self-consistent methodology and framework for China's industrial parks based on enterprise-level data. We consider both Scope 1 and 2 emissions and construct the inventories by 19 energy types and 39 industrial sectors, which are consistent with the existing national, provincial, and city-level emission inventories. Such sectoral-based emission inventories will be not only able to provide data support for the design of emission/energy control policies, but also help the central/local governments evaluate a park's emission reduction performance. Finally, an empirical study is applied to four industrial parks to verify the method. In addition, we review the eco-industrial park programmes in Japan and South Korea, as well as their emissions accounting framework. We find that most of the Japanese industrial parks provide Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, while for South Korea, parks mostly focus on Scope 1 emissions. The discussion of Japan and South Korea's eco-industrial parks have referential significance for the construction China's lowcarbon parks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emissions accounting framework for industrial parks in China

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…If d is positive, then the drag effect of carbon emissions on urbanisation and the drag effect of economic growth are the same. On the basis of the existing research literature and related statistics, China's urbanisation development and carbon emissions are positively correlated [43,55,56]. Therefore, the drag effect here should also be positive.…”

Section: Drag Effect Model Of Carbon Emission In the Process Of Urbanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Drag Effect of Carbon Emissions on the Urbanisation Process: Evidence from China’s Province Panel Data

Shi

et al. 2020

Processes

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This study attempts to measure the drag effect of carbon emissions on China’s economic growth by incorporating carbon emissions as an endogenous variable into an economic growth model and by relaxing the assumption that the size of the economy will remain unchanged. The drag effect of carbon emissions on the process of urbanisation is derived based on the intrinsic relationship between economic growth and urban development. Then, unit root and cointegration tests are performed using panel data from 30 provincial regions in Mainland China from 2003 to 2016 to prove and estimate the resistance caused by carbon emission in the process of urbanisation. Results show that the drag effect of carbon emission between 2003 and 2016 has a certain negative impact on the process of urbanisation in China. Due to the constraints of carbon emissions, the growth rate of China’s economic growth and urbanization level is 0.74% and 4.96% lower than that without constraints, respectively. Therefore, in the process of rapid urbanisation, formulating a reasonable carbon emission reduction strategy by the provincial government is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of urbanisation.

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“…The electricity producing facilities in Table 5 are the facilities reported in Baltimore's 2014 SRI that fall within the city limits of Baltimore. Electricity consumption from facilities outside of the city's limits should only be considered Scope 2 [7,8] and therefore are not included in Hestia-Baltimore Scope 1 FFCO 2 emissions. Only FFCO 2 emissions are included in the comparison in Table 5.…”

Section: Comparing Hestia-baltimore With Self-reported Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, cities may focus on improving traffic flow along the highest-emitting road segments to reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicle congestion [5,6]. Finally, they are often a mixture of the traditional emission scopes-Scope 1 (all emissions within a geographical boundary), 2 (emissions driven by the consumption of electricity), and 3 (emissions driven by the consumption of materials, goods, and services) [7,8]. This mixture may accommodate city-specific emissions policies or monitoring requirements, but it limits the ability of the SRIs to be compared to atmospheric monitoring, the only current means to independently evaluate emissions and provide constructive feedback on the uncertainties in Scope 1 emissions to city planners [9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

Roest

Gurney

Miller

et al. 2020

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland—a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1158.9–1944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded. Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.

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Review on City-Level Carbon Accounting

Cited by 113 publications

References 117 publications

An emissions accounting framework for industrial parks in China

An emissions accounting framework for industrial parks in China

Drag Effect of Carbon Emissions on the Urbanisation Process: Evidence from China’s Province Panel Data

Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

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