“… 81 Furthermore, falcon centrifuges employ centrifugal force and gravity to separate and screen materials from spent batteries. 82 Hence, physical recycling technology equipment can effectively treat used battery, separating the valuable substances from them and providing a basis for subsequent reuse. Figure 5 The equipment applied to physical recovery (A) Wet impact crusher structure.…”
“… 81 Furthermore, falcon centrifuges employ centrifugal force and gravity to separate and screen materials from spent batteries. 82 Hence, physical recycling technology equipment can effectively treat used battery, separating the valuable substances from them and providing a basis for subsequent reuse. Figure 5 The equipment applied to physical recovery (A) Wet impact crusher structure.…”
“…Data show that the number of spent lithium-ion batteries in the world will exceed 1.36 million tons by 2025 . On the one hand, spent lithium-ion batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals, such as Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, etc. , The metal content is much higher than the corresponding ore grade, and it is a veritable “urban mine” . On the other hand, if not handled properly, heavy metal substances in used lithium-ion batteries can cause environmental pollution and endanger human health. , Therefore, from the perspective of economy and environmental protection, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is very necessary …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 On the one hand, spent lithiumion batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals, such as Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, etc. 11,12 The metal content is much higher than the corresponding ore grade, and it is a veritable "urban mine". 13 On the other hand, if not handled properly, heavy metal substances in used lithium-ion batteries can cause environmental pollution and endanger human health.…”
This paper introduces an innovative approach to efficiently separate anode materials by leveraging the properties of the organic binder found in the anode sheets of spent lithium-ion batteries. Initially, the study investigates the impact of the liquid/solid ratio, treatment temperature, and treatment time on the separation efficiency of anode materials within an aqueous solution system. The underlying reasons influencing the separation efficiency in this system are thoroughly analyzed. Subsequently, a novel method involving the use of a surfactant as a separating agent is proposed to enhance the efficiency of anode material separation. The study explores influencing factors such as the separating agent concentration, temperature, and time. Under optimal conditions, the separation efficiency of the anode material reaches 100%. The results indicate that the solubility of styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in water gradually decreases with an increase in the liquid−solid ratio in the aqueous solution system, leading to a decrease in the separation efficiency. However, in the surfactant system, the combination of the hydrophilic group in the surfactant molecule and the CMC group in the solution results in surface adsorption, increasing binder molecule solubility and achieving higher separation efficiency, particularly under high liquid−solid ratios. Ultimately, after heat treatment for impurity removal, the anode material achieves a tapped density of 1.06 g/cm 3 . This provides a prelithiated raw material for the further restoration of graphite materials.
“…When these devices reach their end of life, tons of waste batteries are generated [8,9] and recycling of the critical metals from this waste will be necessary to meet demand, use resources efficiently, bolster supply chains, and safeguard the environment. Lithiumion batteries can be processed in one of four ways, via direct recycling, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and bio metallurgy [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”
The processing and extraction of critical metals from black mass is important to battery recycling. Separation and recovery of critical metals (Co, Ni, Li, and Mn) from other metal impurities must yield purified metal salts, while avoiding substantial losses of critical metals. Solvent extraction in batch experiments were conducted using mixed metal sulphates obtained from the leach liquor obtained from spent and shredded lithium-ion batteries. Selective extraction of Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+ and Cu2+ from simulated and real leached mixed metals solution was carried out using di-2-ethylhexylphophoric acid (D2EPHA) and Cyanex-272 at varying pH. Further experiments with the preferred extractant (D2EPHA) were performed under different conditions: changing the concentration of extractant, organic to aqueous ratio, and varying the diluents. At optimum conditions (40% v/v D2EPHA in kerosene, pH 2.5, O:A = 1:1, 25 °C, and 20 min), 85% Mn2+, 98% Al3+, 100% Fe3+, and 43% Cu2+ were extracted with losses of only trace amounts (<5.0%) of Co2+, Ni2+, and Li+. The order of extraction efficiency for the diluents was found to be kerosene > Exxal-10 >>> dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) > toluene. Four stages of stripping of metals loaded on D2EPHA were performed as co-extracted metal impurities were selectively stripped, and a purified MnSO4 solution was produced. Spent extractant was regenerated after Fe3+ and Al3+ were completely stripped using 1.0 M oxalic acid (C2H2O4).
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