Review on COVID-19 Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Available with Emphasis on ACE2

Rathi, Himani; Burman, Vishakha; Datta, Sudip Kumar; Rana, Satya Vati; Mirza, Anissa Atif; Saha, Sarama; Kumar, Raman; Naithani, Manisha

doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00953-y

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…COVID-19 is a multisystemic, inflammatory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 12 In December 2019, cases of pneumonia without an identified cause have emerged in Wuhan city of China. 13 Later, the etiologic viral agent was found to be SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 The clinical findings may range from mild flu-like illness to severe dyspnea, thromboemboli, respiratory failure, and death. 12 Therefore, identifying the most vulnerable patients, the associated comorbidities/medications and risk factors for mortality have become one of the main objectives of the clinical investigations in the era of COVID-19. The independent risk factors for mortality were found to be older age, male sex, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of COVID‐19 on patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab and antihistamines: A cross‐sectional, comparative study

Bostan

Zaid

Karaduman

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as recurrent attacks of urticaria present for more than six weeks. The monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, omalizumab, was approved for the treatment of CSU in patients who remain refractory to H1-antihistamines. Biologic agents are shown not to increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in different studies. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalance of COVID-19 infection in relation to the age, gender, presence of other comorbidities, and treatment given for CSU. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 233 patients diagnosed with CSU in a tertiary referral hospital. Demographical data, treatment given for CSU, the presence of COVID-19-related symptoms, history of close contact to a person with COVID-19 and COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were determined via a telephone survey and checked from medical data records. Results: One hundred sixty patients were female; whereas 73 were male. The mean age was 44.76. Out of 233 patients with chronic urticaria, 125 had symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 was performed in 156 patients. Of 156 patients with COVID-19 RT-PCR test, RT-PCR result was positive in 15 cases. Conclusions: No statistically significant relationship was found between COVID-19 RT-PCR positivity and the type of treatment administered for chronic urticaria when the patients are divided into omalizumab ± oral antihistamines and only oral antihistamines treatment groups (p = 0.150). Omalizumab seems to be safe in the era of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID‐19 on patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab and antihistamines: A cross‐sectional, comparative study

Bostan

Zaid

Karaduman

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…This diversity stems from the virus biology and its ability to bind to ACE-2 receptors, which constitute the gateway into the cell. These receptors are commonly present in many tissues and organs, including the heart, intestines and liver [ 2 , 3 ]. The severity of individual ailments is also varied, the clinical picture may range from asymptomatic disease to rapidly progressing respiratory failure [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the Successive Waves of SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination Status and Place of Infection Influence the Clinical Picture and COVID-19 Severity among Patients with Persistent Clinical Symptoms? The Retrospective Study of Patients from the STOP-COVID Registry of the PoLoCOV-Study

Chudzik

Babicki

Kapusta

et al. 2022

JPM

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The severity of ailments caused by SARS-CoV-2 varies and the clinical picture has already evolved during the pandemic, complicating diagnostics. In Poland, no study has been performed to assess the clinical picture of patients across the successive pandemic waves. The aim of the study was to present the characteristics of patients who present to medical center because of persistent symptoms after COVID-19, and to study differences between hospitalized/non-hospitalized, vaccinated/non-vaccinated individuals and between different waves in Poland. This is a retrospective study evaluating the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients from the STOP-COVID registry of the PoLoCOV-Study. This registry includes patients who present to the medical center because of persistent clinical symptoms after the isolation. The patients’ data were obtained from individuals who suffered from COVID-19 between September 2020 and December 2021.The patients were divided into groups according to the infection rate increase pattern (II/III/IV pandemic wave), status of vaccination and place of isolation. Regardless of the pandemic wave, the patients’ most commonly reported weaknesses were a cough and a headache. The arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia were the most frequent concomitant chronic conditions. Hospitalized patients more often reported weakness or a cough while home-isolated patients were more likely to have rhinitis or a headache. Patients who completed the vaccination course showed a shorter duration of clinical symptoms and a lower mean number of symptoms. Additionally, vaccinated individuals reported less taste and/or olfactory dysfunction than unvaccinated individuals. To conclude, the persistence of the pandemic has resulted in significant changes observed in the clinical picture. Successive waves caused deterioration in the subjective assessment of the disease severity. A cough seemed to occur more frequently in the later pandemic waves.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to claim thousands of lives every day more than a year after its outbreak . However, the knowledge and the developed tools to fight against it are vastly more potent than they were a year before . Antiviral drugs targeting the proteins vital to the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 have been the most important tools, aside from vaccines that are being used as preventative measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosolvent and Dynamic Effects in Binding Pocket Search by Docking Simulations

Szabó

Zariquiey

Nogueira

2021

J. Chem. Inf. Model.

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The lack of conformational sampling in virtual screening projects can lead to inefficient results because many of the potential drugs may not be able to bind to the target protein during the static docking simulations. Here, we performed ensemble docking for around 2000 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a target. The representative protein structures were generated by clustering classical molecular dynamics trajectories, which were evolved using three solvent scenarios, namely, pure water, benzene/water and phenol/water mixtures. The introduction of dynamic effects in the theoretical model showed improvement in docking results in terms of the number of strong binders and binding sites in the protein. Some of the discovered pockets were found only for the cosolvent simulations, where the nonpolar probes induced local conformational changes in the protein that lead to the opening of transient pockets. In addition, the selection of the ligands based on a combination of the binding free energy and binding free energy gap between the best two poses for each ligand provided more suitable binders than the selection of ligands based solely on one of the criteria. The application of cosolvent molecular dynamics to enhance the sampling of the configurational space is expected to improve the efficacy of virtual screening campaigns of future drug discovery projects.

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Review on COVID-19 Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Available with Emphasis on ACE2

Cited by 10 publications

References 159 publications

The effect of COVID‐19 on patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab and antihistamines: A cross‐sectional, comparative study

The effect of COVID‐19 on patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with omalizumab and antihistamines: A cross‐sectional, comparative study

Do the Successive Waves of SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination Status and Place of Infection Influence the Clinical Picture and COVID-19 Severity among Patients with Persistent Clinical Symptoms? The Retrospective Study of Patients from the STOP-COVID Registry of the PoLoCOV-Study

Cosolvent and Dynamic Effects in Binding Pocket Search by Docking Simulations

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