Review on Cyclosporiasis Outbreaks and Potential Molecular Markers for Tracing Back Investigations

Li, Junqiang; Xu, Feifei; Karim, Robiul; Zhang, Longxian

doi:10.1089/fpd.2022.0054

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…However, these methods based on parasite morphology differ in diagnostic performance with respect to specificity and sensitivity, and may lead to false-positive or -negative results [9,17]. To overcome this limitation, several molecular methods, including real-time qPCR assay targeting the 70 kDa heatshock protein (HSP70) gene [18], 18S rDNA [19], SSU rRNA sequence analysis [1,20,21], multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and population genetic analysis based on several mini-and micro-satellites [22], and different molecular markers, such as single locus, mt and MLST markers [23], have been used to link and track the sources of contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective

Dhakal,

Li,

K.C.

et al. 2024

Zoonoses

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Cyclosporiasis is an emerging disease that is ubiquitous in humans and other animals worldwide. Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, and endemic in several developing countries, is the only species of Cyclospora resulting in cyclosporiasis in humans. The main objective of this review was to summarize the prevalence of Cyclospora in humans, animals, and environmental samples in Nepal. The overall prevalence of Cyclospora in humans has been reported to be 10.3% (3,785/36,570), including 3.6% (60/1,640) among HIV immunocompromised cases, 2.1% (210/9,733) among children, and 13.9% (3,515/25,197) in humans of all age categories, while the prevalence was calculated to be 2.9% (29/983) and 10.5% (9/85) in domestic and wild animals, respectively. The molecular characterization data on Cyclospora as related to Nepal is limited to a very few positive isolates from humans, dogs, chickens, and monkeys. Exposure to sewage water and contaminated fresh food items, and the presence of domestic animals appear to have been associated to an outbreak of Cyclospora in humans. Considering Cyclospora spp. as the etiologic agent for diarrhoea, a comprehensive, wider scale molecular epidemiologic study in humans, animals, and environmental samples is warranted to elucidate the exact distribution loci and probable outbreak of cyclosporiasis in Nepal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective

Dhakal,

Li,

K.C.

et al. 2024

Zoonoses

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“…The eight loci MLST genotyping scheme has been applied to fecal specimens associated with major C. cayetanensis outbreaks in the United States [18][19][20] and cyclosporiasis illnesses in Canada [21]. Although this approach has been useful, it has been recognized that the genetic discriminatory power is limited and that additional targets containing phylogenetically informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are needed to better resolve genetic clusters [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Increased Genetic Resolution and Utility for Source Tracking of a Recently Developed Method for Genotyping Cyclospora cayetanensis

Leonard,

Mammel,

Almeria

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Cyclospora cayetanensis is a foodborne parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an enteric illness in humans. Genotyping methods are used to genetically discriminate between specimens from cyclosporiasis cases and can complement source attribution investigations if the method is sufficiently sensitive for application to food items. A very sensitive targeted amplicon sequencing (TAS) assay for genotyping C. cayetanensis encompassing 52 loci was recently designed. In this study, we analyzed 66 genetically diverse clinical specimens to assess the change in phylogenetic resolution between the TAS assay and a currently employed eight-marker scheme. Of the 52 markers, ≥50 were successfully haplotyped for all specimens, and these results were used to generate a hierarchical cluster dendrogram. Using a previously described statistical approach to dissect hierarchical trees, the 66 specimens resolved into 24 and 27 distinct genetic clusters for the TAS and an 8-loci scheme, respectively. Although the specimen composition of 15 clusters was identical, there were substantial differences between the two dendrograms, highlighting the importance of both inclusion of additional genome coverage and choice of loci to target for genotyping. To evaluate the ability to genetically link contaminated food samples with clinical specimens, C. cayetanensis was genotyped from DNA extracted from raspberries inoculated with fecal specimens. The contaminated raspberry samples were assigned to clusters with the corresponding clinical specimen, demonstrating the utility of the TAS assay for traceback efforts.

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Review on Cyclosporiasis Outbreaks and Potential Molecular Markers for Tracing Back Investigations

Cited by 2 publications

References 82 publications

Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective

Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective

Evaluation of the Increased Genetic Resolution and Utility for Source Tracking of a Recently Developed Method for Genotyping Cyclospora cayetanensis

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