Review on E-waste Recycling: Part II—Technologies for Recovery of Rare Earth Metals

Recycling of NdFeB magnets employing oxidation, selective leaching, and iron precipitation in an autoclave

“…However, REEs were added to the list of critical metals due to the increased demand and the associated supply risk. [1][2][3] REEs are the ones with the highest supply risk among all elements, and are on the list of critical metals in Europe. The critical importance of permanent magnets and REEs led to an increase in efforts to ensure the sustainability of their raw materials.…”

Recovery of rare earth elements (Nd, Dy) from discarded hard disk magnets using EDTA functionalised chitosan

“…4,5 The consumption of REEs has continuously been increasing in various high-tech applications such as electric vehicle batteries, NiMH batteries, uorescent lamps, magnets, and catalysts. 6 As a result, the ewaste recycling market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 11.9% and reach 102.62 billion USD by 2027, primarily due to recycling REEs. 1 The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, which contains approximately 30% REEs by weight, is a critical component of modern electrical and electronic devices, including computer hard drives, cell phone vibrator motors, MRIs, microwave ampliers, generators, and wind turbines.…”