Review on Emissions of Ammonia from Housing Systems for Laying Hens in Relation to Sources, Processes, Building Design and Manure Handling

Koerkamp, P.W.G. Groot

doi:10.1006/jaer.1994.1065

Cited by 193 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Poultry feaces contain 60−65% of uric acid, 10% of ammonia salts, 2−3% of urea and remains of creatinine. Especially uric acid is rapidly changed by the microbes to NH 3 (Groot Koerkamp, 1994).…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Harmful Gases from Poultry Farms and Possibilities of Their Reduction

Brouček¹,

Čermák²

2015

Ekologia

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Brouček J., Čermák B.: Emission of harmful gases from poultry farms and possibilities of their reduction. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 34, No. 1, p. 89-100, 2015. This review is devoted to methodology that can help to assess emission of gases from poultry housings and could be used to expand the knowledge base of researchers, policymakers and farmers to maintain sustainable environment conditions for farming systems. Concentration and emission of ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in poultry barns are discussed in this paper. Surveys of ammonia and greenhouse gases mean concentrations and emission factors in different poultry systems are showed. This paper is also gives the findings in emission mitigation, especially to different manure handling practices, management schemes, housing and facility designs for broilers and laying hens. Finally this paper focused on investigating practical means to reduce air emissions from animal production facilities.

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Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Harmful Gases from Poultry Farms and Possibilities of Their Reduction

Brouček¹,

Čermák²

2015

Ekologia

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“…Above a certain litter moisture content, "wet litter" can occur causing more ammonia to be produced and emitted into the air (Groot Koerkamp, 1994), which can negatively affect animal production and welfare (Kristensen and Wathes, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Hoeven-Hangoor

Paton

Linde

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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High litter moisture content, often referred to as wet litter, is a major problem in poultry production. Wet litter is often related to poor management, diseases, and digestive problems. In this experiment, the objective was to study the relationship between nutrient content and the moisture content of the excreta of broilers. A dataset containing 351 observations was built and contained the nutrient contents data including moisture content of excreta samples collected in 8 different broiler feeding trials. A biological based model approach was used to create a model with 10 and another one with 14 variables that may explain the excreta moisture level response. Subsequently, these models were compared with a statistical model that was built automatically and adjusted only if this improved the biological model. The R 2 of the 10 variable model was 0.54, in which Zn content and the interaction of NDF × K and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture. Sodium, P, and Ca content and the interaction between content of NDF × Na were positively associated with excreta moisture. The R 2 of the 14 variable model was 0.58, in which Zn and K content and the interaction of NDF × protein and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture, and Na, protein, P, and Ca content and the interactions in contents of NDF × Na, NDF × Zn, and K × Cu were positively associated with excreta moisture content. In conclusion, the models confirmed the effect of Na, protein, P, and Ca on excreta moisture content. Furthermore, hitherto unknown nutrient interactions that contribute to excreta moisture level were identified. As excreta levels of most nutrients can be manipulated by adjusting dietary nutrient levels, dietary formulation can be adjusted with the findings of this analysis to change levels of excreted nutrients and, consequently, also moisture output.

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“…Manure in house 3 was moved once every 5 days, compared to 3.5 days for houses 1 and 2. In previous studies, the higher frequency of manure removal resulted in less NH 3 -N emission due to a shorter retention time of manure in the house (Groot Koerkamp, 1994;Liang et al, 2004). The emission rate in house 3 ranges from 0.03±0.11 to 0.19±0.06 g bird -1 day -1 , less than that from house 1 and 2, from 0.06±0.05 to 0.31±0.11 g bird -1 day -1 .…”

Section: Ammonia Emission From Poultry Housesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Manure management in a poultry house impacts the NH 3 -N emissions significantly (Kroodsma et al, 1988;Buijsman and Erisman, 1988;Groot Koerkamp, 1994;Keener et al, 2002;Liang et al, 2004). Manure in the first and second houses was removed twice weekly.…”

Section: Ammonia Emission From Poultry Housesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Ammonia Emission from Manure Belt Poultry Layer Houses Using an Alternative Mass Balance Method

2014

Trans. ASABE

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Ammonia (NH3) emission from animal feeding operations (AFOs) has caused concerns on public health and environmental degradation, such as ecosystem acidification, eutrophication, and formation of PM2.5 fine particles. Current ammonia emission measurement methodologies are accurate and reliable, but time consuming, expensive, and impractical for most facilities. In the present study, an alternative and cost effective mass balance methodology was developed to predict the ammonia emission from animal facilities. The mass balance equations have been developed to eliminate needs for tracking manure flow rate to obtain accurate NH3 estimation. The methodology was applied to three manure-belt layer poultry houses with approximately 150,000 birds in each house in Ohio and validated using continuous ammonia emission measurement data. Feed, manure and egg samples were collected from the three houses in three seasons (cold, mild, and hot) to evaluate the seasonal variation of ammonia emission from the poultry facilities. Results show that this alternative mass balance method can estimate NH3 emission from manure-belt poultry layer house effectively. NH3 emission rate from manure belt poultry layer houses with manure removal every 3.5 to 5 days was 0.07-0.37 g NH3 bird-1day-1. These results agrees well with the NH3 emission values published in the previous literatures (0.027-0.616 g NH3 bird-1day-1), but were lower than the NH3 emission rate (0.1-0.86 g NH3 bird-1day-1) measured using continuous monitoring system. In the comparison analysis of NH3 measurement and estimation emissions, Normalized Mean Error (NME), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and Fractional Bias (FB) are calculated to be 52.05%, 85.32% and -70.36% respectively. This study suggests that manure removal time interval and air temperature can be important factors impacting NH3 emission. This mass balance method can only estimate total nitrogen loss in a whole production process, which is an upper bound of NH3-N loss. It is needed to quantify other nitrogen compound gas emissions, such as N2O, NOx, N2 for accurate NH3 emission estimation. KeywordsAir quality, poultry, ammonia emission, mass balance The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASABE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications. Citation of this work should state that it is from an ASABE meeting paper. EXAMPLE: Author's Last Name, Initials. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and its pri...

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Review on Emissions of Ammonia from Housing Systems for Laying Hens in Relation to Sources, Processes, Building Design and Manure Handling

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

Emission of Harmful Gases from Poultry Farms and Possibilities of Their Reduction

Emission of Harmful Gases from Poultry Farms and Possibilities of Their Reduction

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Estimation of Ammonia Emission from Manure Belt Poultry Layer Houses Using an Alternative Mass Balance Method

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