Review on Event-Driven Wake-Up Sensors for Ultra-Low Power Time-Domain Design

Goux, Nicolas; Badets, Franck

doi:10.1109/mwscas.2018.8623935

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The growing need to better understand and manage our surroundings has led to increased interest in the continuous monitoring of events and processes, utilizing sensor networks consisting of hundreds or thousands of small, robust sensor nodes [1][2][3][4]. However, having a complex system continuously monitoring for events of interest consumes a lot of power [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, having a complex system continuously monitoring for events of interest consumes a lot of power [5,6]. To reduce this power consumption, dedicated always-on low-power wake-up detectors have been designed that wake up the more complex circuits with higher power consumption only when an event of interest is detected [3,7]. Such detectors determine the presence of event candidates by performing low-power extraction and analysis of the sensor signal's features [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features and Always-On Wake-Up Detectors for Sparse Acoustic Event Detection

2022

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The need to understand and manage our surroundings has led to increased interest in sensor networks for the continuous monitoring of events and processes of interest. To reduce the power consumption required for continuous monitoring, dedicated always-on wake-up detectors have been designed, with an emphasis on their low power consumption, simple and robust design, and reliable and accurate detection. An especially interesting application of these wake‑up detectors is in detecting acoustic signals. In this paper, we present a study on the features and detectors applicable for the detection of sporadic acoustic events. We perform a state-of-the-art acoustic detector analysis, grouping the detectors based on the features they utilize and their implementations. This analysis shows that acoustic wake-up detectors predominantly utilize spectro-temporal (56%) and temporal features (36%). Following the state-of-the-art analysis, we select two detector architecture candidates for a case study on passing motor vehicle detection. We utilize our previously developed spectro-temporal decomposition detector and develop a novel level-crossing rate detector. The results of the case study shows that the proposed level‑crossing rate detector has lower component count (44 compared to 70) and power consumption (9.1 µW compared to 34.6 µW) and is an optimal solution for SNRs over 0 dB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features and Always-On Wake-Up Detectors for Sparse Acoustic Event Detection

2022

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“…The growing need to understand and manage our surroundings, coupled with advances in sensor technologies and manufacturing processes [ 1 ], has led to an increased interest in the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), which envisions sensor networks consisting of hundreds of thousands of small, robust sensor nodes utilized to continuously monitor real-world events and processes [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Continuous monitoring and event detection emphasize the need for low-power sensors and sensor signal conditioning circuits which enable the node to achieve long life-times, even when powered by small batteries [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acoustic sensors present an attractive choice for IoT applications because they generate signals that are rich in information and can be processed using relatively simple hardware [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] that powers up the rest of the sensor node only upon detection of an event of interest [ 4 , 5 ], thereby reducing the power consumption of an acoustic sensor node. These wake-up sensor interfaces utilize bandpass filtering, envelope detection, quantization, and some rudimentary form of classification to determine if an event of interest occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Gazivoda

Bilas

2021

Sensors

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With the growing need to understand our surroundings and improved means of sensor manufacturing, the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more interesting. To enable continuous monitoring and event detection by IoT, the development of low power sensors and interfaces is required. In this work we present a novel, switched inductor based acoustic sensor interface featuring a bandpass filter and envelope detector, perform a sensitivity, frequency selectivity, and power consumption analysis of the circuit, and present its design parameters and their qualitative influence on circuit characteristics. We develop a prototype and present experimental characterization of the interface and its operation with input signals up to 20 mV peak-to-peak, at low acoustic frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 kHz. The prototype achieves a sensitivity of approximately 2 mV/mV in the passband, a four times lower sensitivity in the stopband, and a power consumption of approximately 3.31 µW. We compare the prototype interface to an interface consisting of an active bandpass filter and a passive voltage doubler using a prerecorded speedboat signal.

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“…It requires continuous operation of an electronic system comprising sensing, detection and recognition functions, which are power-hungry tasks [ 7 , 18 ]. The power consumption can be reduced by introduction of always-on low-power interfaces that wake up the main processing stage upon detection of an event of interest [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Extraction of Signal Feature Using a Rectifier with a Mechanically Switched Inductor for Low Power Acoustic Event Detection

Gazivoda

Oletić

Trigona

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Analog hardware used for signal envelope extraction in low-power interfaces for acoustic event detection, owing to its low complexity and power consumption, suffers from low sensitivity and performs poorly under low signal to noise ratios (SNR) found in undersea environments. To overcome those problems, in this paper, we propose a novel passive electromechanical solution for the signal feature extraction in low frequency acoustic range (200–1000 Hz), in the form of a piezoelectric vibration transducer, and a rectifier with a mechanically switched inductor. A simulation study of the novel solution is presented, and a proof-of-concept device is developed and experimentally characterized. We demonstrate its applicability and show the advantages of the passive electromechanical device in comparison to the active electrical solution in terms of operation with lower input signals (<20 mV compared to 40 mV), and higher robustness in low SNR conditions (output voltage loss for −10 dB ≤ SNR < 40 dB of 1 mV, compared to 10 mV). In addition to the signal processing performance improvements, compared to our previous work, the utilization of the presented novel passive feature extractor would also decrease power consumption of a detector’s channel by over 76%, enabling life-time extension and/or increased quality of detection with larger number of channels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first solution presented in the literature that demonstrates the possibility of using a passive electromechanical feature extractor in a low-power analog wake-up event detector interface.

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Review on Event-Driven Wake-Up Sensors for Ultra-Low Power Time-Domain Design

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Features and Always-On Wake-Up Detectors for Sparse Acoustic Event Detection

Features and Always-On Wake-Up Detectors for Sparse Acoustic Event Detection

Low-Power Sensor Interface with a Switched Inductor Frequency Selective Envelope Detector

Passive Extraction of Signal Feature Using a Rectifier with a Mechanically Switched Inductor for Low Power Acoustic Event Detection

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