Review on Factors Affecting Early Survival of Tree /Shrub Seedlings and it’s Remedy in Restoration Sites of Ethiopia

Abstract

Restoration activities in degraded and/or deforested forest landscapes are common and old occurrences around the world. Tree planting is common in most forest landscape restoration initiatives. In Ethiopia, eight seedling-based landscape restoration options are identified to alleviate land degradation and its consequences. The primary purpose of this work was to review factors affecting the early survival of tree and shrub seedlings and their remedies in the restoration sites of Ethiopia. Drought and moisture stress, low soil fertility, poor seedling quality, weak species site matching, termites, livestock grazing, and seasonal frost are the basic factors that hinder the survival and growth of seedlings in the field. In situ rainwater harvesting structures, fertilizer application, the use of quality seedlings, the right species site matching, and the exclusion of livestock and grazing animals from planted seedlings are the remedies that must be employed to increase the success of tree-based restoration practices. Thus, further investigation of the factors affecting the survival of seedlings in the out-planting sites and remediation accordingly is necessary to ensure the productivity and sustainability of restoration practices in Ethiopia.

Investigation of Moisture Collection Structures and Introduction of Resistant Tree Species in the Semi-Arid Slopes of Tigray, Ethiopia

“…The major ecological problems in Ethiopia are forest degradation and soil erosion [9][10][11]. To alleviate forest degradation and deforestation, seedling plantation-based landscape restoration were practiced using appropriate tree and shrub species, as an important solution in the tropical ecosystem rehabilitation options [12,13]. In-situ rainwater harvesting supported seedling plantation is recommended to enhance water infiltration and reduce runoff so as to increase seedling survival and growth performances [14,15].…”