Review on metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic synapses

Abstract

With the progress of both photonics and electronics, optoelectronic synapses are considered potential candidates to challenge the von Neumann bottleneck and the field of visual bionics in the era of big data. They are also regarded as the basis for integrated artificial neural networks (ANNs) owing to their flexible optoelectronic tunable properties such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and high-density integration. Over the recent years, following the emergence of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials possessing fascinating optoelectronic properties, novel MHP-based optoelectronic synaptic devices have been exploited for numerous applications ranging from artificial vision systems (AVSs) to neuromorphic computing. Herein, we briefly review the application prospects and current status of MHP-based optoelectronic synapses, discuss the basic synaptic behaviors capable of being implemented, and assess their feasibility to mimic biological synapses. Then, we focus on the two-terminal optoelectronic synaptic memristors and three-terminal transistor synaptic phototransistors (SPTs), the two essential apparatus structures for optoelectronic synapses, expounding their basic features and operating mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the recent applications of optoelectronic synapses in neuromorphic systems, including neuromorphic computing, high-order learning behaviors, and neuromorphic vision systems, outlining their potential opportunities and future development directions as neuromorphic devices in the field of artificial intelligence (AI).

Low-Power Perovskite Neuromorphic Synapse with Enhanced Photon Efficiency for Directional Motion Perception

“…The STDP characteristics of optoelectronic information devices align well with SNNs' information transmission mode. 44 Implementing SNNs on optoelectronic information devices can significantly enhance the computing speed and reduce energy consumption.…”

All-Photon Bipolar Reversible Modulation Artificial Synapse for Color Perception and Mitigation of Glare Phenomenon

“…Many types of AVS, e.g., low-dimensional, perovskite materials, etc., have been reported and exhibit varieties of functions, such as image recognition and memory. The narrow range of their light response, however, poses a challenge in replicating functions akin to those of the human eyes. − Additionally, most of the reported AVS presented a single function related to illuminating light. Natural synapses are categorized into two types, i.e., excitatory and inhibitory synapses. , Excitatory synapses make up the majority of synaptic connections in the nervous system, and a small fraction of inhibitory synapses play an indispensable role.…”

“…Artificial synapses have developed into many types, among which artificial visual synapses (AVS) that encompass optical sensing and memory capabilities have received widespread attention. The approach of biomimicking the biological visual neural system using these synapses has been extensively applied. − Perovskite materials have been considered as the promising candidate for AVS applications due to the outstanding optoelectronic properties , and characteristics related to ion migration. − …”

Heterointerface engineering of layered double hydroxide/MAPbBr3 heterostructures enabling tunable synapse behaviors in a two-terminal optoelectronic device

“…16 In particular, many MHP based electronic devices exhibit hysteresis effects, making them capable of simulating biological synapses. [17][18][19] Suitable interface engineering and charge manipulation are usually carried out to realize and enhance their synaptic behaviors. For example, a previously reported CsPbCl 3 /SnO 2 based photonic synapse relied on the interfacial charge trapping effect between SnO 2 and CsPbCl 3 to realize PPF and short/long-term potentiation.…”