Review on Microwave Cladding: A New Approach

Somani, Nalin; Kumar, Kamal; Gupta, Nitin Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4748-5_8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Ti-6Al-4V and Cu wire were procured from the local Indian market (CDH, New Delhi, Delhi, India). Further Cu wire was used as the electrode tools in the WEDM as copper is a good conductor of electricity [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The diameter of the wire was 0.25 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy

et al. 2021

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Ti-6Al-4V is an alloy that has a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is known as an alpha-beta titanium alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This alloy has a wide range of applications, e.g., in the aerospace and biomedical industries. Examples of alpha stabilizers are aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, which are added to titanium. Examples of beta stabilizers are titanium–iron, titanium–chromium, and titanium–manganese. Despite the exceptional properties, the processing of this titanium alloy is challenging when using conventional methods as it is quite a hard and tough material. Nonconventional methods are required to create intricate and complex geometries, which are difficult with the traditional methods. The present study focused on machining Ti-6Al-4V using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and conducting numerous experiments to establish the machining parameters. The optimal setting of the machining parameters was predicted using a multiresponse optimization technique. Experiments were planned using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance and contribution of the input parameters to changes in the output characteristics (cutting speed and surface roughness). The cutting speed obtained during the processing of the annealed titanium alloy using WEDM was quite large as compared to the cutting speed obtained in the case of processing the pure, quenched, and hardened titanium alloys using WEDM. The maximum cutting speed obtained while processing the annealed titanium alloy was 1.75 mm/min.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy

et al. 2021

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“…have been used for the evaluation of these responses. From the literature, it was also found that the pulse on time, pulse off time, input current, and flushing pressure are some of the most important parameters in terms of their effects on the EDM process [31][32][33][34]. In the EDM process, heat is produced at both electrodes (i.e., at the tool and the workpiece).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Tool Shape in Electrical Discharge Machining of EN31 Steel Using Machine Learning Techniques

Walia

Srivastava

Rana

et al. 2021

Metals

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In the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, especially during the machining of hardened steels, changes in tool shape have been identified as one of the major problems. To understand the aforesaid dilemma, an initiative was undertaken through this experimental study. To assess the distortion in tool shape that occurs during the machining of EN31 tool steel, variations in tool shape were examined by monitoring the roundness of the tooltip before and after machining with a coordinate measuring machine. The change in out-of-roundness of the tooltip varied from 5.65 to 37.8 µm during machining under different experimental conditions. It was revealed that the input current, the pulse on time, and the pulse off time had most significant effect in terms of changes in the out-of-roundness values during machining. Machine learning techniques (decision tree, random forest, generalized linear model, and neural network) were applied for the prediction of changes in tool shape. It was observed that the results predicted by the random forest technique were more convincing. Subsequently, it was gathered from this examination that the usage of the random forest technique for the prediction of changes in tool shape yielded propitious outcomes, with high accuracy (93.67%), correlation (0.97), coefficient of determination (0.94), and mean absolute error (1.65 µm) values. Hence, it was inferred that the random forest technique provided better results in terms of the prediction of tool shape.

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“…The vast range of frequency spreading of microwaves allows it to be used for a number of purposes such as in material processing of composites, ceramics and polymers as they are good absorbers of microwave (Keyson et al, 2007;Roy et al, 1999) and also in other fields such as medical purposes, communication system, industrial heating and food processing (Thostenson and Chou, 1999;Lauf et al, 1993;Ku et al, 2001). Microwave heating has an inherent feature of uniform volumetric heating which improves the product quality and also responsible for uniform microstructure (Somani et al, 2020). As the temperature gradient variation is very less in the microwave heating, so the processing time is less and residual stresses are less set up in the material (Sethi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

Somani

Singh²,

Gupta

2021

JEDT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to based upon the joining and characterization (mechanical and metallurgical) of ferritic stainless steel (SS)-430 using a microwave hybrid heating (MHH) phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach The preliminary experiments were conducted using nickel-based powder as interface material using a domestic microwave oven at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and 900 W power for 720 s. The processed joint was metallurgically characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was done by means of tensile and Vickers’ microhardness testing to check the hardness and strength of the joint. Findings The metallurgical study revealed that the microstructure and formation of numerous phases of Fe2Si3 accompanied by chromium and nickel carbides. The average hardness of 359 Hv at the center of the joint and 637 Hv around the boundaries of the joint was observed. The tensile strength of the joint was observed to 471 MPa with an elongation of 9.02%. The worn surface of the joint signifies the presence of plastic deformation and it was limited due to the presence of harder phases such as Ni3Si and Ni3C. Research limitations/implications The concept of microwave joining of metals is a very challenging task as the temperature can not be controlled in the inert atmosphere of the microwave. It has been also observed that at certain elevated temperatures, the material starts absorbing the microwaves; which is unknown. So, a more intensive study is required to overcome these kinds of limitations. Practical implications MHH technique can be used to process different materials such as ceramics, composites and polymers. SS-430 joined by microwave heating is highly corrosion resistive and has wide applications in refrigerators cabinet panels, dishwasher linings, chimney liners, lashing wires, etc. Originality/value As of the author’s best knowledge, no work has been reported on the joining of SS-430 which has huge potential in the industries. Also, no work has been reported on the characterization of microwave joined SS-430.

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Review on Microwave Cladding: A New Approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy

Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy

Prediction of Tool Shape in Electrical Discharge Machining of EN31 Steel Using Machine Learning Techniques

Joining and characterization of SS-430 using microwave hybrid heating technique

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