Review on Modeling and Control Strategies of DC–DC LLC Converters for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Applications

Attar, Houssein Al; Hamida, Mohamed Assaad; Ghanes, Malek; Taleb, Miassa

doi:10.3390/en16093946

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Al Attar et al (2023) reviewed switching control strategies to enable bidirectional power transfer between vehicles and the electric power grid. They classified control strategies as either linear or non-linear [18]. Each control strategy presented had its advantages and limitations in terms of performance, size, and cost.…”

Section: Charger Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

Bridgelall

2023

Inventions

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The gradual adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally serves as a crucial move toward addressing global decarbonization goals for sustainable development. However, the lack of cost-effective, power-efficient, and safe chargers for EV batteries hampers adoption. Understanding the research needs and identifying the gaps in EV charger innovation informs investments and research to address development challenges. This study developed a unique text mining workflow to classify themes in EV charger technology and product development by analyzing U.S. patent award summaries. The text mining workflow combined the techniques of data extraction, data cleaning, natural language processing (NLP), statistical analysis, and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to extract unique themes and to visualize their relationships. There was a 47.7% increase in the number of EV charger patents issued in 2022 relative to that in 2018. The top four themes were charging station management, power transfer efficiency, on-board charger design, and temperature management. More than half (53.8%) of the EV charger patents issued over the five-year period from 2018 to 2022 addressed problems within those four themes. Patents that addressed wireless charging, fast charging, and fleet charging accounted for less than 10% each of the EV charger patents issued. This suggests that the industry is still at the frontier of addressing those problems. This study further presents examples of the specific EV charger problems addressed within each theme. The findings can inform investment decisions and policymaking to focus on R&D resources that will advance the state of the art and spur EV adoption.

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Section: Charger Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

Bridgelall

2023

Inventions

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“…The third category of buck-boost converters encompasses bidirectional converter types [28][29][30]. Bidirectional converters assume a pivotal role in energy recuperation in EVs, enabling the transfer of energy between the vehicle's battery and the electrical grid [31][32][33].…”

Section: From a Solitary Input Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Single-Input Multi-Output Battery-Connected DC–DC Buck–Boost Converter for Automotive Applications

Tekin,

Setrekli,

Murtulu

et al. 2023

Electronics

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In the realm of electric vehicles (EVs), achieving diverse direct current (DC) voltage levels is essential to meet varying electrical load demands. This requires meticulous control of the battery voltage, which must be adjusted in line with specific load characteristics. Therefore, the integration of a well-designed power converter circuit is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in generating different DC voltage outputs. In this study, we also consider the incorporation of two additional doubler/divider circuits at the end of the proposed converter, further enhancing its capacity to produce distinct DC voltage levels, thus increasing its versatility. The standout feature of the proposed converter lies in its remarkable ability to amplify DC voltages significantly. For instance, when the input battery voltage is set at 48 VDC with a duty cycle (D) of 0.8, the resulting output demonstrates a remarkable augmentation, producing voltages 18, 36, and 72 times higher than the input voltage. Conversely, with a reduced D of 0.2 while maintaining the input voltage at 48 VDC, the converter yields diminished voltages of 0.1875, 0.375, and 0.75 times the initial voltage. This adaptability, based on the parameterization of D, underscores the converter’s ability to cater to a wide range of voltage requirements. To oversee the intricate operations of this versatile converter, a high-speed DSP-based controller system is employed. It utilizes the renowned PID approach, known for its proficiency in navigating complex, nonlinear systems. Experimental results validate the theoretical and simulation findings, reaffirming the converter’s practical utility in EV applications. The study introduces a simple control mechanism with a single power switch, high efficiency for high-power applications, wide voltage range, especially with VDC and VMC cells, and continuous current operation for the load in CCM mode. This study underscores the significance of advanced power conversion systems in shaping the future of electric transportation.

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“…Al Attar H. et al [11], also studied the current ripple reduction, reduced voltage stress, and improved efficiency for bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers. As demonstrated by Al , bidirectional DC-DC converters can be effectively employed for applications needing high power density, such as bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this industrial application, a DC-DC converter couples an AC-DC converter, a high-voltage battery pack, and a DC bus link. The use of DC-DC converters with bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers reduces voltage stress, increases efficiency, and reduces the current ripple, according to Al Attar H et al [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Double-Switch SEPIC-Buck Topology for Renewable Energy Applications

Emar,

Issa,

Kanaker

et al. 2024

Energies

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In addition to their conventional use in electric motor drives, DC-DC converters have a variety of other uses, such as energy storage, energy conversion, cyber security systems, uninterruptible power supplies, and renewable energy systems. An innovative DC-DC converter is suggested in this article. Designing a new, high-gain DC-DC converter scheme known as a double-switch SEPIC-buck converter (DSSB) is possible after making some adjustments to the SEPIC converter that is currently known in accordance with accepted techniques. The output voltage magnitude of the proposed converter is either larger than or less than the input voltage magnitude and is the same sign as the input voltage. According to the theoretical and analytical study that has been supported by the real-world application, high voltage gain, low switching stress, and low inductor current ripple are the main characteristics of the proposed DSSB converter. The related small-signal model was also used to build the closed-loop system. The frequency response and output voltage behavior were investigated when the input source voltage abruptly changed as a step function. Based on the comparison study with other DC-DC converters, the DSSB converter outperforms currently known DC-DC converters such as Buck, SEPIC, Boost, Buck-Boost, and other SEPIC converter topologies in terms of voltage gain, harmonic content, normalized current ripple, dynamic performance, and efficiency. Additionally, the frequency response and control of the proposed converter using an alternate current (AC), small-signal, analysis-based, current-mode control technique are both provided. Thus, the DSSB is regarded as safe in overcurrent situations because of the small-signal analysis with the current control strategy. As a result of the verification of the proposed control technique, the resistance to changes in the DSSB parameters, improved dynamic performance, and higher control accuracy are further advantages of current-mode control based on small-signal analysis over other control approaches (PI controllers). Finally, the experimental and simulation results from Simplorer 7 and MATLAB/Simulink are used to validate the findings of the analytical and comparative investigation.

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Review on Modeling and Control Strategies of DC–DC LLC Converters for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

Classifying Invention Objectives of Electric Vehicle Chargers through Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

A Proposed Single-Input Multi-Output Battery-Connected DC–DC Buck–Boost Converter for Automotive Applications

A New Double-Switch SEPIC-Buck Topology for Renewable Energy Applications

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