Unmanned aerial vehicles, due to their superior maneuverability and reduced
costs can easily perform tasks that are too difficult and complex to be
performed with manned aircraft, under all conditions. In order to cope with
various obstacles and operate in complex and unstable environmental
conditions, the unmanned aerial vehicles must first plan its path. One of
the most important problems to investigated in order to find an optimal path
between the starting point and the target point of the unmanned aerial
vehicles is path planning and choosing the appropriate algorithm. These
algorithms find the optimal and shortest path, and also provide a
collision-free environment for unmanned aerial vehicles. It is important to
have path planning algorithms to calculate a safe path to the final
destination in the shortest possible time. However, algorithms are not
guaranteed to provide full performance in each path planning situation.
Also, each algorithm has some specifications, these specifications make it
possible to make them suitable in complex situations. Although there are
many studies in path planning literature, this subject is still an active
research area considering the high maneuverability of unmanned aerial
vehicles. In this study, the most used methods of graph search,
sampling-based algorithms and computational intelligence-based algorithms,
which have become one of the important technologies for unmanned aerial
vehicles and have been the subject of extensive research, are examined and
their pros and cons are emphasized. In addition, studies conducted in the
field of unmanned aerial vehicles with these algorithms are also briefly
mentioned.