Review on Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic/Thermal–Thermoelectric Generator Systems with Nanofluid Cooling

Garud, Kunal Sandip; Hwang, Seong-Guk; Han, Jeong-Woo; Lee, Moo‐Yeon

doi:10.3390/sym14010036

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Many parameters affect PV panel performance, such as technology, design, irradiance, dust, humidity, ambient temperatures, and other environmental parameters [13,14]. These cells are affected by many environmental influences, such as shadows, temperature, relative humidity, and dust [15][16][17][18]. Theoretically, the operation of PV modules under standard conditions (solar radiation intensity of 1000 W/m 2 , air temperature of 25 • C, and air mass of 1.5) results in the highest electrical efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Preparation Parameters on the Stability and Thermal Conductivity of MWCNT-Based Nanofluid Used for Photovoltaic/Thermal Cooling

et al. 2023

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The thermal conductivity and stability of any nanofluid are essential thermophysical properties. These properties are affected by many parameters, such as the nanoparticles, the base fluid, the surfactant, and the sonication time used for mixing. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as additive particles, and the remaining variables were tested to reach the most suitable nanofluid that can be used to cool photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems operating in the harsh summer conditions of the city of Baghdad. Among the tested base fluids, water was chosen, although ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and heat transfer oil (HTO) were available. The novelty of the current study contains the optimization of nanofluid preparation time to improve MWCNTs’ PVT performance with different surfactants (CTAB, SDS, and SDBS) and base fluids (water, EG, PG, and oil). When 1% MWCNT mass fraction was added, the thermal conductivity (TC) of all tested fluids increased, and the water + nano-MWCNT advanced all TC (EG, PG, and oil) by 119.5%, 308%, and 210%, respectively. The aqueous nanofluids’ stability also exceeded the EG, PG, and oil at the mass fraction of 0.5% MWCNTs by 11.6%, 20.3%, and 16.66%, respectively. A nanofluid consisting of 0.5% MWCNTs, water (base fluid), and CTAB (surfactant) was selected with a sonication time of three and quarter hours, considering that these preparation conditions were practically the best. This fluid was circulated in an installed outdoor, weather-exposed PVT system. Experiments were carried out in the harsh weather conditions of Baghdad, Iraq, to test the effectiveness of the PVT system and the nanofluid. The nanofluid-cooled system achieved an electrical efficiency increase of 88.85% and 44% compared to standalone PV and water-cooled PVT systems, respectively. Additionally, its thermal efficiency was about 20% higher than that of a water-cooled PVT system. With the effect of the high temperature of the PV panel (at noon), the electrical efficiency of the systems was decreased, and the least affected was the nanofluid-cooled PVT system. The thermal efficiency of the nanofluid-cooled PVT system was also increased under these conditions. This success confirms that the prepared nanofluid cooling of the PVT system approach can be used in the severe weather of the city of Baghdad.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Preparation Parameters on the Stability and Thermal Conductivity of MWCNT-Based Nanofluid Used for Photovoltaic/Thermal Cooling

et al. 2023

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“…However, the increase in pressure loss and consequently increase in driving power with high nanofluid concentrations can be a limiting factor for its application in PV/T systems (Said et al, 2018). A review of the contemporary developments in PV/T systems revealed an enhancement in thermal and electrical performance compared to standalone PV systems (Garud et al, 2022). The most common nanofluids found in the published literature consist of Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, and SiO2 particles, which have significantly enhanced both electrical and thermal efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characterization of a novel PV/T panel with nanofluids under the climatic conditions of Muscat, Oman

Husain,

Al-Rawahi,

Al-Azri

et al. 2023

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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The study presents an experimental analysis of a novel mini channels-based Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluid flow. The design consists of a PV plate attached to an aluminum substrate absorber plate having minichannels grooved on it to act as a solar collector and cooling mechanism for PV. The proposed design was tested for thermal and electrical efficiencies under the working fluids of water, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanofluids at 0.1% and 0.2% concentrations in water and at a flow rate of 0.005 l/s to 0.045 l/s. The experiments were carried out outdoors in a real environment and the measurements were taken for PV surface and fluid temperatures, incidence solar flux, electrical voltage, and current produced. The PV and PV/T performance was compared, and a noticeable enhancement in electrical efficiency was observed with the proposed design as compared to the bare PV module, and an appreciable augmentation in thermal efficiency was noticed when nanofluids were applied. The maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies of PV/T with 0.2% Al2O3 nanofluid were 19.1% and 73.4%, respectively; whereas for bare PV panels, the electrical efficiency was 18.7%. The Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.2% exhibited more than a 10% increase in thermal efficiency compared to water as a working fluid in PV/T.

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“…In addition, by fitting the TEG with a heat sink, it can cool the PV module by extracting undesired heat, reducing heat-based degradation of the efficiency and lifespan of the PV module. 15 The configuration also allows the full spectrum of solar energy to be utilized by introducing an additional photothermal conversion layer. The photothermal conversion layer between the PV and TEG enables photons in the long-wavelength region to be effectively absorbed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEG can utilize the waste heat from the PV, resulting in extra electrical power generation from the same solar energy. In addition, by fitting the TEG with a heat sink, it can cool the PV module by extracting undesired heat, reducing heat-based degradation of the efficiency and lifespan of the PV module . The configuration also allows the full spectrum of solar energy to be utilized by introducing an additional photothermal conversion layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Evaluation System for Photovoltaic Cell and Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid Devices Depending on Temperature via Transparent Heater

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In this work, we demonstrate an efficient measurement system suitable for photovoltaic cell and thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) hybrid devices, which employs a large-area (160 mm × 160 mm) transparent heater (TH). The TH can simultaneously transmit solar radiation and effectively heat the PV-TEG hybrid devices. The resulting TH incorporated measurement system enables the rapid measurement of hybrid devices with a larger range of temperatures. In addition, the measurement system exhibits superior reproducibility with a negligible difference in efficiency (<1%). The method can accelerate the development of PV-TEG hybrid devices with various temperature conditions and without long waiting times.

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Review on Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic/Thermal–Thermoelectric Generator Systems with Nanofluid Cooling

Cited by 15 publications

References 107 publications

Effect of Different Preparation Parameters on the Stability and Thermal Conductivity of MWCNT-Based Nanofluid Used for Photovoltaic/Thermal Cooling

Effect of Different Preparation Parameters on the Stability and Thermal Conductivity of MWCNT-Based Nanofluid Used for Photovoltaic/Thermal Cooling

Performance characterization of a novel PV/T panel with nanofluids under the climatic conditions of Muscat, Oman

Rapid Evaluation System for Photovoltaic Cell and Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid Devices Depending on Temperature via Transparent Heater

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