Review on possible algal-biofuel production processes

Kröger, Michael; Müller‐Langer, Franziska

doi:10.4155/bfs.12.14

Cited by 82 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…iomass is a viable renewable energy feedstock that promotes production of sustainable energy and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (Kröger and Müller-Langer, 2012). Among the various types of biomass, microalgae are promising candidates because of their high biomass yields, high lipid contents, low cultivation costs, and non-competition with agricultural land.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microalgae for the Purpose of Biofuel Production

Bi¹,

He²

2013

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It is now widely accepted that microalgae are promising candidate feedstocks for biofuel production, especially for biodiesel. Microalgae consist of a vast number of species that contain complex chemical constituents and physical structures. The purpose of this study is to understand the physical and chemical properties of selected microalgae, which is critical to the design of appropriate processes for commercial biofuel production. ASTM standard methods were implemented to examine the microalgae properties, including proximate and ultimate analyses. Among the microalgae studied, green microalgae have more volatile matter than brown microalgae, while the latter contain much higher ash content (as high as 43.4%wt ±0.20%wt dry basis). The lowest ash content was found in the samples of green microalgae (14.3%wt ±0.10%wt dry basis). Ultimate analysis showed that brown microalgae have less carbon content (approx. 25%wt dry basis) as compared to green microalgae (49%wt to 58%wt dry basis). All samples of microalgae were high in sulfur content (0.4%wt to 1.0%wt dry basis). Mineral contents of all microalgal samples were similar to those commonly present in other biomass. Brown microalgae contain significantly higher amounts of carbohydrates (72.9%wt to 75.5%wt dry basis) than green microalgae. On the other hand, green microalgae contain more crude fat (17.1%wt to 27.8%wt dry basis) than brown microalgae. The fatty acid profiles show that the primary fatty acids in microalgal lipids are similar to those of vegetable oils such as soybean oil. However, there are also many odd-numbered fatty acids, such as C15:0, C17:0, and C19:0, which are not typically seen in other seed oils.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microalgae for the Purpose of Biofuel Production

Bi¹,

He²

2013

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“…Gao and McKinley, (1994) reported about the great potential of macroalgae for environmentally friendly biomass production for biofuels and CO2 bioremediation, without to compete with terrestrial crops for farm land in contrast with land plants, driving next generation of economic opportunities and pollution abatement. Increased attention have recently received the very promising 3 rd generation biofuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen and biomass-to-liquid biofuel, derived from sustainable micro-and macroalgal biomass (Schenk et al, 2008;Dragone et al, 2010;Méndez-Vilas, 2010;Kröger and Müller-Langer, 2012;Konda et al, 2015) called as 3 rd generation biomass (Xu et al, 2014). Marine based macroalgal biomass (marine seaweeds) is an abundant source of renewable sugars, not requiring arable land, fresh water or intense care for its production, among other benefits (Konda et al, 2015).…”

Section: St Generation Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Sources for Biomass, Food, Fossils, Biofuels and Biotechnology - Review Article

Anastassiadis¹

2016

World J. Biol. Biotechnol.

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Carbon atom Carbon atom is most important and abundant constituent of existing and new generated biological mater and biomass and the basis of all forms of life on earth. It is involved in the composition and construction of organic micro- and macromolecules, cells and living organisms, storage molecules, fossils, fossil fuels, biofuels and energy resources of living and nonliving organic matter. Initially originated from atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is absorbed and incorporated into organic molecules by photosynthetic plants and microorganisms through photosynthetic processes to form glucose and other less or more complex organic molecules, enabling and sustaining life on Earth. A semantic part of CO2 has been captured, trapped and immobilized in various forms of fossils, not participating in biogeochemical carbon cycles for millions of years, or is dissolved in oceans. Carbon sources is also one of most important parameters, strongly influencing microbial growth and the accumulation of cellular metabolites, fermentation technologies, process economics and feasibility of industrial production. Advanced developments in recombinant technologies, such as metabolic and genetic engineering, systems and synthetic biology, as well as in bioengineering, biotechnology, industrial microbiology and fermentation technology will expand the opportunities of literally unseen microbial world.

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“…Despite different concerns, first generation biofuels have essentially established and developed an infrastructure, policies, and knowhow (Scott et al, 2010) of a new challenging scientific pioneer field. Energy and world food crises have ignited interest and increased attention to 3 rd generation biofuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethane, biohydrogen and biomass-to-liquid biofuel in recent times, which are derived from sustainable algal microalgal feedstocks using unsuitable land for agriculture (Schenk et al, 2008;Méndez-Vilas, 2010;Kröger and Müller-Langer, 2012;Mahmoud et al, 2015;Dong et al, 2016). Photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria are the fastest growing, most efficient, sustainable and versatile source of biomass, an alternative energy source for the manufacture of biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and bio hydrogen in a combined bio refinery concept (Jones and Mayfield, 2012).…”

Section: Biochemical Production By Marine Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Developments in Carbon Sources, Biomass, Fossils, Biofuels and Biotechnology Review Article

Anastassiadis

2016

World J. Biol. Biotechnol.

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Since early human history and existence energy rich plants, wood and forest cellulosic material have been used for fire, light, heating, cooking and other daily activities. Fossil energy was the foundation of our modern society and industrialization since last two centuries, while exploration and exploitation of oil reserves and petrochemistry have largely shaped 20th century. Increasing concerns on environmental pollution, accelerated global warming, and global climate changes, continuing world's crude oil (fossil fuels) consumption and depletion, as well as energy security and energy crisis caused by daily burning large amounts of fossil fuels, led to the attraction, search and development of renewable, carbon-neutral, economically viable alternative energy sources, such as biofuels, slowly displacing petroleum fuels. In continuously growing human population reaching about 10 billion in 2050, various renewable energy sources are promoted and developed, to ensure rising energy demands in a world running out of fossil energy sources. Biofuels are produced from any kind of available biomass and categorized based on utilized carbon resources into first-, second- and third-generation. Nevertheless, biofuels’ future outlook is though beset by uncertainty. Hereby, various issues and concerns related to fossils and renewable biofuels are described and analyzed in present review article.

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Review on possible algal-biofuel production processes

Cited by 82 publications

References 105 publications

Characterization of Microalgae for the Purpose of Biofuel Production

Characterization of Microalgae for the Purpose of Biofuel Production

Carbon Sources for Biomass, Food, Fossils, Biofuels and Biotechnology - Review Article

Historical Developments in Carbon Sources, Biomass, Fossils, Biofuels and Biotechnology Review Article

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