Review on Production and Functionality of Vinegar

Ezemba, Chinyere Constance; Osuala, O. J.; Ezemba, A. S.

doi:10.20935/al4160

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a bioreactor device that transforms chemical energy in organic compounds into electrical energy under anaerobic conditions with catalytic reactions of microorganisms to produce voltage and electric current [17]. In general, there are three types of bioreactors, namely batch, continuous, and fed-batch to cultivate bacteria [18].…”

Section: Mfc Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of two types of anode electrodes in a microbial fuel cell for producing bioelectricity from residential wastewater

Munfarida,

Munir,

Nilandita

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The increasing of population growth is positively correlated with the energy demand which leads to fossil fuel depletion. New renewable energy is one of the solutions to address the future energy crisis. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the renewable energy sources since this device is able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy by using microorganisms. Many researchers have studied MFCs from wastewater as a medium for producing electricity through MFC systems. MFC performance depends on microbe metabolism, membrane, and electrodes. This study compared bioelectricity generation on a Batch System of Microbial Fuel Cell from residential wastewater using two types of anode electrodes (zinc plate and graphite rod). The consortium of indigenous wastewater bacteria has been used for MFC. An artificial membrane was made in the laboratory derived from the chitosan-jelly combination. Chitosan was extracted from crustacean shells. The research was conducted in the laboratory by directly measuring the voltage on the MFC system for three (3) days. This research reveals that the MFCs with zinc plate anode electrodes generated higher voltage throughout the days evaluated, with peaks of 970 mV. Meanwhile, MFC with graphite rod anode resulted in 880 mV maximum. This research finding of MFCs with zinc plate as electrode materials could be the key to sustainable bioelectricity generation from wastewater.

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Section: Mfc Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of two types of anode electrodes in a microbial fuel cell for producing bioelectricity from residential wastewater

Munfarida,

Munir,

Nilandita

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The law of evidence therefore requires that for a party to prove his case, he must call the best evidence available. This is the best evidence rule (Ezemba v. Ibeneme (2004) 122 LRCN 5163 at 5216). Evaluation of evidence is the primary responsibility of the trial court.…”

Section: Theory Of Evaluation Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Defence of Claim of Right in Nigerian Criminal Law through Elimuya v. Police

Okwelum

2023

ejtas

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The defence of bonafide claim of right under Nigerian criminal law is an important menu in the consideration of the defences open to a defendant in a criminal trial. In Charge No MAB/43c/2020 Commissioner of Police v. Chief Paul Idima Obi Elimuya the defence came up for consideration before the learned trial Senior Magistrate Grade 1, Edema Doris (Mrs.) sitting at the Magistrates’ Court, Abbi in Delta State, Nigeria. Because of the intricate nature of the defence and the manner in which it was considered in the above mentioned charge, this study is actuated towards revisiting the defence under the Nigerian criminal procedure law and determine whether given the factual circumstances in which the defence arose, the trial court was in the right footing in rejecting the defence as made during the trial proceedings in Elimuya’s case. This study would consider the forgoing issue in relation to the appeal which the defendant later took out against the judgment of the learned trial Magistrate to the High Court of Justice, Kwale Delta State, Nigeria. This study uses the doctrinal method relying on judicial decisions and other relevant statutory instruments in the area of the law under consideration. It uses the locus classicus on the subject area of the law in Nigeria (Nwakire v State) to interrogate both the facts yielded in Elimuya v Police and the judgment delivered by the trial court on 15th October, 2022. As this study is essentially an academic exercise, the aim is to highlight the importance of the defence in criminal procedure law, demonstrating the circumstances under which it is to be raised and upheld and the controversies surrounding its application under Nigerian law. The study finds that the facts in Elimuya v Police were on all fours with the circumstances under which the defence ought to have been upheld and the refusal of the learned trial Magistrate in upholding same led to miscarriage of justice and to the appeal. The study therefore recommends that whenever the question whether the defence of claim of right is applicable during a trial, the trial court and indeed an appellant court should look out for the essential elements of the defence as outlined in this study.

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“…The main flavour of vinegar comes from acetic acid, an antibacterial component (Marcus, 2019). It is the end result of a mixed fermentation process including acetic acid bacterium (Acetobacter aceti) and Beaker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Ezemba et al, 2021). As stated by Frazier and Westhoff (2004), the manufacturing of commercial vinegar frequently calls for a dual process of fermentation employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, respectively, and the fermentation involves both carbohydrates and ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vinegar Production using <i>Acetobacter aceti</i> Isolated from Over-ripped Bananas

Chukwuegbo,

Gumel,

Shiaka

2023

dujopas

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The demand for food and food preservatives rises with population growth, and post-harvest fruit losses are widespread in emerging nations, particularly in Nigeria. In order to avoid the usage of chemically produced preservatives, it is essential in today's society to convert waste into vinegar, which can be utilized as an organically created preservative. In essence, vinegar production is a two-phase fermentation process that includes fermentation to alcohol and acetic acid, respectively. In this study, Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was introduced into banana worts with a view to fermenting into alcohol (Ethanol) for 7 days, after which acetic acid bacterium (Acetobacter aceti) isolated from over-ripped bananas was inoculated into the produced alcohol to form vinegar. Analyses carried out on the produced vinegar were done using acetic acid and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) assays, which gave 1.4 – 4% and stretching vibrations at 1283 cm-1, 1640 cm-1, and 3260 cm-1, respectively. The findings in this study have shown that over-ripe bananas, which were previously thought of as waste, can be transformed into very valuable commodities, consequently enhancing human health and facilitating environmental safety. Results showed that over-ripe banana wort is a good raw material appropriate for fermentation- based ethanol production and vinegar manufacturing using ethanol.

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Review on Production and Functionality of Vinegar

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A comparative study of two types of anode electrodes in a microbial fuel cell for producing bioelectricity from residential wastewater

A comparative study of two types of anode electrodes in a microbial fuel cell for producing bioelectricity from residential wastewater

Revisiting Defence of Claim of Right in Nigerian Criminal Law through Elimuya v. Police

Vinegar Production using <i>Acetobacter aceti</i> Isolated from Over-ripped Bananas

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