Review on recent progress and reactor set-ups for hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition

Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Ru- and Pd-Based Catalysts: Gas- vs. Liquid-Phase Reactions

“…In contrast, and compared with Pd, Ru behaved so differently in the liquid-phase FAD reaction. Although frequently employed as homogeneous catalysts, the Ru complexes do not seem active while supported in C 3 N 4 [ 29 ] in the liquid phase due to the competitive absorption of water over the metal sites and surface hydroxylation, thus making difficult the arrival of the formic acid to the active site. On the contrary, the Pd catalyst appears to be very active in the FAD reaction.…”

“…Due to their aromatic C-N heterocycles, they are thermally stable, even in air up to 600 °C, and they are chemically stable in most solvents because of strong interlayer van der Waals interactions, which provide the C 3 N 4 with a high specific surface area. Additionally, their composition (using abundant elements such as C, N, and H) not only assures their easy and cheap preparation from different sources, but it also provides the ability to tune their composition, and hence their structural properties [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…Moreover, Pd-based NPs supported on N-doped carbon have proven to be excellent catalysts for several organic reactions [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. On the other hand, Ru has mainly been used as a homogeneous catalyst [ 29 ] although interesting results for gas-phase FAD have been found while supported on metal and covalent organic framework (MOF and COF) materials [ 32 , 39 ].…”

An artificial leaf device built with earth-abundant materials for combined H2 production and storage as formate with efficiency > 10%

“…The decomposition of FA is an already established process, usually performed in reactors using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. 47 The fixed bed reactor is the most common and more studied reactor for FA decomposition. For example, Koo ´s and Solymosi 48 reported the catalytic activity of Mo 2 C catalysts in the vapour-phase using a continuous flow fixed bed reactor.…”

Desalting biocrude for improved downstream processing toward marine fuel application

“…[29][30][31][32][33][34] It is also proposed for use as a hydrogen carrier in energy applications. 35,36 Following the wash studies, hydrotreating of the washed and unwashed biocrudes was compared. Preliminary TEA of a hypothetical biocrude desalting-wash process is also presented.…”