Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems

Qin, Boyu; Liu, Wansong; Zhang, Ruowei; Liu, Jialing; Li, Hengyi

doi:10.3390/app10196769

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The iDC2 converter, which is the core of this paper, is responsible for controlling and maintaining the desired output voltage and current while enabling the use of a passive rectification stage in lieu of an active converter at the output of the TRG. Eliminating the active rectifier enhances the reliability of the system and improves short-circuit current considerations that are common in active rectifiers [51]. The iDC2 is a high-voltage multiport DC-DC converter that meets the specific requirements of the proposed MW-scale propulsion system, and compared to other options that may be used in the proposed scheme, such as single active bridge (SAB) or dual active bridge (DAB), offers (i) simplified circuit topology; (ii) a simple and robust control strategy that both enhances system responsiveness to dynamic changes and provides a dual-loop control for current and voltage; (iii) competitive cost; (iv) reduced component counts-in particular, the number of active switches in a DAB is 12, while this is 2 for the iDC2, which significantly improves the reliability of the conversion system as power electronics switches contribute to 30% of propulsion system failures [2]; and (v) a dual output that facilitates interfacing to both HVDC and LVDC bus bars.…”

Section: Proposed In-space Electric Propulsion Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

MW-Scale High-Voltage Direct-Current Power Conversion for Large-Spacecraft Electric Propulsion

Sarfi,

Beik

2024

Electronics

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This paper proposes a megawatt (MW)-scale high-voltage (HV) electrical power-conversion element for large-spacecraft electric propulsion (EP) systems. The proposed scheme is intended for long-term and crewed missions, and it is driven by a nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) that acts as a heat source. The scheme includes (i) A two-rotor generator (TRG), (ii) A rectification stage, and (iii) An isolated dual output DC-DC (iDC2) converter. The TRG is a high-reliability electric machine with two rotors, a permanent magnet rotor (PMR), and a wound field rotor (WFR). The PMR has a fixed flux and hence back-EMF, while the back-EMF due to the WFR is controlled by injecting a direct current (DC) into the WFR winding. The total TRG output voltage, which is the sum of voltages due to the PMR and WFR, is controlled over a prescribed region of spacecraft operation. The output of the TRG is rectified and connected to the input of the iDC2 converter. The iDC2 converter uses a three-winding transformer, where the primary winding is fed from the rectified output of TRG, the secondary winding processes the propulsion power to an electric thruster via a high-voltage DC (HVDC) link and a tertiary winding that is connected to the spacecraft’s low-voltage DC (LVDC) power system. Three controllers are proposed for the system: an HVDC voltage controller, an HVDC current controller that controls the voltage and current processed to the thruster, and an LVDC controller that adjusts the current to the LVDC system. Detailed analytical models for the TRG, iDC2 converter, and controllers are developed and verified via simulations under different conditions. The analytical studies are further validated via results from a laboratory prototype.

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Section: Proposed In-space Electric Propulsion Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

MW-Scale High-Voltage Direct-Current Power Conversion for Large-Spacecraft Electric Propulsion

Sarfi,

Beik

2024

Electronics

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“…Arm inductors in MMC and transformer leakage inductance in VSC mainly limit DC fault current. Moreover, DC circuit breakers, advanced extruded DC cables, fault blocking submodules, MMC topologies with fault ride-through capability, fault current limiting devices, and MMC control strategies may be used to address critical DC faults in VSC-MMC [4,18,21]. Another drawback of VSC-MMC-HVDC is lower current and voltage rating compared to LCC, but in the last decade, these ratings have increased significantly [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

Soomro

Akhtar

Hussain

et al. 2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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MMC is a promising technology for MTDC systems and would transform into the concept of Supergrids in the near future. The salient features of MMC are modularity, reduced dv/dt and di/dt stress on switches, voltage and power scalability, inherent fault blocking capacity, transformerless operation, and improved power quality. However, there are some technical issues and challenges to be critically analysed and addressed. There is room for development of novel and enhanced MMC based on SM configurations to enable higher efficiency, improved power quality, compactness, and DC fault blocking capacity. Moreover, development of efficient and accurate models is required for the studies of MTDC grids during steady-state and transient conditions. Literature review suggests a need for studying and comparing different MMC modelling approaches because no modelling technique can be best suited for all applications. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in MMC in terms of SM configurations. This paper also presents an in-depth review of systematic comparison of different models of MMC, which can enable appropriate selection of model based on target studies and desired accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the associated research challenges and future trends are presented.

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“…With the ability of controlling the direction of the DC power flow without changing the DC voltage polarity, modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) is able to construct multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) power grid [1,2]. However, when a DC short-circuit fault occurs, the submodule capacitors in MMCs discharge rapidly, which leads to excessive rising rate of the short-circuit current during the initial fault period [3]. Moreover, the expansion of DC power grid and the increasing of DC voltage level worsen the short-circuit current dynamics of the MMC-HVDC transmission system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems

Qin

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2021

IET Power Electronics

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This paper studies the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial-stage short-circuit current of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission system. First, the MMCs' input-output characteristics are obtained through the operator approach, and the influences of both linear part and nonlinear part are analysed. Second, an input-output characteristics based short-circuit current calculation method is proposed. Third, an eigenvalue-based comprehensive index is proposed to evaluate the damping characteristics of the MMC-HVDC transmission system. Finally, the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial-stage DC shortcircuit current is analysed under different system parameters and DC system structures. The analysis results show that there is a negative correlation between the system damping characteristics and the average rising rate of the short-circuit current. The proposed index G can effectively evaluate the short-circuit current of MMC-HVDC and can provide guidance for the planning of DC system structure, the selection of operation mode and system parameters.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

MW-Scale High-Voltage Direct-Current Power Conversion for Large-Spacecraft Electric Propulsion

MW-Scale High-Voltage Direct-Current Power Conversion for Large-Spacecraft Electric Propulsion

A Detailed Review of MMC Circuit Topologies and Modelling Issues

Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems

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