Review on State-of-the-Art Unidirectional Non-Isolated Power Factor Correction Converters for Short-/Long-Distance Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Electrification of the transportation sector has originated a worldwide demand towards greenbased refueling infrastructure modernization. Global researches and efforts have been pondered to promote optimal Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations. The EV power electronic systems can be classified into three main divisions: power charging station configuration (e.g., Level 1 (i.e., slow-speed charger), Level 2 (i.e., fast-speed charger), and Level 3 (i.e., ultra-fast speed charger)), the electric drive system, and the auxiliary EV loads. This paper emphasizes the recent development in Power Factor Correction (PFC) converters in the on-board charger system for short-distance EVs (e.g., e-bikes, e-trikes, e-rickshaw, and golf carts) and longdistance EVs (passenger e-cars, e-trucks, and e-buses). The EV battery voltage mainly ranges between 36 V and 900 V based on the EV application. The on-board battery charger consists of either a single-stage converter (a PFC converter that meets the demands of both the supply-side and the battery-side) or a twostage converter (a PFC converter that meets the supply-side requirements and a DC-DC converter that meets the battery-side requirements). This paper focuses on the single-phase unidirectional non-isolated PFC converters for on-board battery chargers (i.e., Level 1 and Level 2 charging infrastructure). A comprehensive classification is provided for the PFC converters with two main categories: (1) the fundamental PFC topologies (i.e., Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, SEPIC, Ćuk, and Zeta converters) and (2) the modified PFC topologies (i.e., improved power quality PFC converters derived from the fundamental topologies). This paper provides a review of up-to-date publications for PFC converters in short-/long-distance EV applications. INDEX TERMSAC-DC converter, battery charger, charging infrastructure, DC-DC converter, electric vehicle, power factor correction. NOMENCLATURE CICM Continuous inductor current mode. DBR Diode bridge rectifier. DICM Discontinuous inductor current mode. DCVM Discontinuous capacitor voltage mode. EV Electric vehicle. V2G Vehicle-to-grid. V2H Vehicle-to-home. V2V Vehicle-to-vehicle. V2B Vehicle-to-building. V2X Vehicle-to-everything. EVSE EV supply equipment. PFSM Power flow and system management. PQDM Power quality and devices management. PFC Power factor correction.

A Review of Power Converters for Ships Electrification

“…These converters offer alternative solutions for shoreto-ship low-voltage connections. Other types of nonisolated PFC topologies proposed for EV charging applications can be an option for shore-to-ship connections such as Buck-boost, SEPIC, Ćuk, Zeta, or Luo derived converters [36]. For onshore fast charging, Takamasa et al [37], and Hiroyasu et al [38] investigated an on-road EV quick charger to charge a 25 kW electric boat.…”

Multi-Phase Interleaved AC–DC Step-Down Converter with Power Factor Improvement

“…PFC rectifiers have applications in charging low-capacity lithium-ion batteries, such as those used in electronic devices, including mobile phones, which require high power density designs but are also needed for charging electric vehicle (EV) battery banks. Those converters used as on-board or off-board EV chargers can be unidirectional or bidirectional [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. A review of single-phase unidirectional non-isolated PFC converters for onboard battery chargers can be found in [ 16 ].…”

“…Those converters used as on-board or off-board EV chargers can be unidirectional or bidirectional [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. A review of single-phase unidirectional non-isolated PFC converters for onboard battery chargers can be found in [ 16 ]. Other applications are in uninterruptible power supplies for data centers [ 17 ], and wireless power transfer systems [ 18 ].…”

A Modified PI-Controller Based High Current Density DC–DC Converter for EV Charging Applications

“…To perform the AC-DC operation the conventional diode rectifier might be used which leads to more power loss consequently the power factor as well as THD degrades. To maintain the PFC tropology might be used which is complicated and costly [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. To get rid of it a low-frequency coupled inductor-based AC-DC converter has been used which is associated with a LCL filter and two diodes [19][20][21][22].…”