Review on sustainable production of biochar through hydrothermal liquefaction: Physico-chemical properties and applications

Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar; Nagappan, Senthil; Bhosale, Rahul R.; Lay, Chyi-How; Nguyen, Dinh Duc; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Chang, Soon Woong; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123414

Cited by 141 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Wet biomass is exposed to extreme temperatures (250-550 • C) and pressures of (5-25) MPa. During hydrothermal liquefaction, a variety of chemical processes take place on biomass including hydrolysis, fragmentation, dehydration, aromatization and repolymerization, which results in the formation of biochar along with other compounds [71][72][73][74]. As stated before, the nature of the biochar obtained depends on different factors, such as, temperature, pressure, nature of raw material, residence time, etc.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When biomass is heated at 220 • C, lignin gets dissolved very easily into water by hydrolysis leading to the formation of many phenolic compounds. Similarly, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are present in the biomass, also undergo various reaction leading to the formation of char [71]. Rice husks/pinewood was used as feedstock into a 100 mL autoclave along with deionized water.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

Srivatsav¹,

Bhargav²,

Shanmugasundaram³

et al. 2020

Water

177

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Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, adsorption is the most preferred technique to sequester dyes from water bodies. Many studies have reported the removal of dyes from wastewater using biochar produced from different biomass, e.g., algae and plant biomass, forest, and domestic residues, animal waste, sewage sludge, etc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the application of biochar as an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent to remove toxic colorants (dyes) from the aqueous environment. This review highlights the routes of biochar production, such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Biochar as an adsorbent possesses numerous advantages, such as being eco-friendly, low-cost, and easy to use; various precursors are available in abundance to be converted into biochar, it also has recyclability potential and higher adsorption capacity than other conventional adsorbents. From the literature review, it is clear that biochar is a vital candidate for removal of dyes from wastewater with adsorption capacity of above 80%.

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Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

Srivatsav¹,

Bhargav²,

Shanmugasundaram³

et al. 2020

Water

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydrothermal liquefaction is performed in the presence of water under high pressure MPa), subcritical water temperature (280-370°C). Under this conditions, all the macromolecules found within algal biomass (including lipid, protein, and carbohydrate) undergoes depolymerization reactions (fragmentation, hydrolysis, dehydration, deoxygenation, aromatization and repolymerization) [103] for the production of several products such as bio-oil, gas, solid residue and aqueous phase-by-products [104]. HTL is considered a more robust thermochemical technology, not only for the usage of wet biomass, but also due to their high biocrude yield (24 -64 wt%) [105], some essential nutrients (N, P, Mg, and K) can be recycled for microalgal culture [106].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algal Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review

Zuorro¹,

García-Martínez²,

Barajas-Solano³

2020

Preprint

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Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to rapid growth and high carbon fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, HTL, gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, because of the complexity of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates , and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen , and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper's objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on catalyst mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

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“…Hydrothermal liquefaction is performed in the presence of water under high pressure MPa), subcritical water temperature (280-370°C). Under this conditions, algal macromolecules (including lipid, protein, and carbohydrate) undergoes depolymerization reactions (fragmentation, hydrolysis, dehydration, deoxygenation, aromatization and repolymerization) [97] for the production of several products such as bio-oil, gas, solid residue and aqueous phase-by-products [98]. HTL is considered a more robust thermochemical technology, not only for the usage of wet biomass, but also due to their high biocrude yield (24 -64%wt) [99], some essential nutrients (N, P, Mg, and K) can be recycled for microalgal culture [100].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Algal Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-based Biofuels: A Review

Zuorro¹,

García-Martínez²,

Barajas-Solano³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to rapid growth and high carbon fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, HTL, gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, the biocrudes obtained from direct thermochemical conversion have substantial quantities of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur) due to the complexity of the biomass's content of chemical components (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper's objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on catalyst mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

show abstract

Review on sustainable production of biochar through hydrothermal liquefaction: Physico-chemical properties and applications

Cited by 141 publications

References 93 publications

Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-based Biofuels: A Review

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