Review on synthesis methods to obtain LiMn2O4-based cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Multicomponent two-layered cathode for thick sintered lithium-ion batteries

“…Three distinct voltage plateaus were observed at B4.1 V (transition between l-MnO 2 and Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 ), B4.0 V (transition between Li 0.5 Mn 2 O 4 and LiMn 2 O 4 ), and B2.8 V (transition between LiMn 2 O 4 and Li 2 Mn 2 O 4 ), consistent with previous reports for a LMO spinel electrode material paired with Li metal. [37][38][39] After the same heat treatment was applied to LMO powder as was used for sintering of LMO sintered electrode pellets, the LMO capacity was not noticeably impacted across all cycles and rates relative to the material that did not undergo the additional heat treatment. All LMO composite electrodes also had severe capacity fade especially at the first three slow charge/discharge cycles due to the Jahn-Teller distortion upon overlithiation when the lower voltage cutoff of 2.5 V was used (Fig.…”

Room-Temperature Synthesis of LiMn2O4by Electrochemical Ion Exchange in an Aqueous Medium

“…Generally, the CLMO electrode presents the first discharge capacity in the range between 100 and 130 mAh g –1 , but it has poor capacity retention versus high rates and long cycling, preventing its use in marketed LiB devices. Many synthesis methods, such as solid-state reaction, , sol–gel, − combustion, − and precipitation, − have been reported but all of them need a high-temperature calcination step for obtaining the crystalline phase at the end of the process, which is not energy-saving. Investigation on other energy-efficient alternative methods would be critical to remove the high-temperature calcination step.…”

Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of a Spinel Cathode with the In Situ Transformed Allogenic Li-Rich Layered Phase

“…5−7 The spinel cathode has great commercial potential because of the good rate performance, low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness. 8 However, the Jahn−Teller effect leads to lattice distortion and Mn produces a disproportionation reaction with the electrolyte during the cycle process, which limit the spinel cathode's practical commercial application. 9−11 To solve these problems and improve the electrochemical performance of spinel materials, researchers have carried out a lot of modification research work, such as element doping, 12−14 surface coating, 11,15,16 structural optimization designs, 17−19 etc.…”

“…With the rapid development of society, people’s demand for energy storage is increasing. − Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in laptops, mobile phones, and electric vehicles due to advantages of long cycle life, high specific capacity, and good safety performance . As an important part of the lithium-ion battery, the performance of the cathode plays a key role. − The spinel cathode has great commercial potential because of the good rate performance, low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness . However, the Jahn–Teller effect leads to lattice distortion and Mn produces a disproportionation reaction with the electrolyte during the cycle process, which limit the spinel cathode’s practical commercial application. − …”