Review on the Alteration of Gut Microbiota: The Role of HIV Infection and Old Age

Ashuro, Akililu Alemu; Lobie, Tekle Airgecho; Ye, Dong-Qing; Leng, Rui‐Xue; Li, Baozhu; Pan, Hai‐Feng; Fan, Yin‐Guang

doi:10.1089/aid.2019.0282

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This metabolic enmeshment with the host and other host-adapted commensals has led to the hypothesis that Akkermansia may represent a keystone species in the human gut 45 , 46 . In addition to the observation of increased prevalence of these beneficial bacteria with HIV, we also found that certain gammaproteobacteria, Haemophilus influenzae and an unassigned Enterobacteriaceae member, were decreased in children living with HIV in Cameroon, which is in contrast to previous reports in HIV-infected populations 47 . Taken together, these results suggest that certain aspects of the HIV-associated microbiome in these children would indicate a healthier microbiome.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Abange

Martin

Nanfack

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Multiple factors, such as immune disruption, prophylactic co-trimoxazole, and antiretroviral therapy, may influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome of children infected with HIV from birth. In order to understand whether HIV infection altered gut microbiome and to relate changes in microbiome structure and function to immune status, virological response and pediatric ART regimens, we characterized the gut microbiome of 87 HIV-infected and 82 non-exposed HIV-negative children from Yaounde, a cosmopolitan city in Cameroon. We found that children living with HIV had significantly lower alpha diversity in their gut microbiome and altered beta diversity that may not be related to CD4+ T cell count or viral load. There was an increased level of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium genera and decreased level of Escherichia and other Gamma proteobacteria in children infected with HIV, among other differences. We noted an effect of ethnicity/geography on observed gut microbiome composition and that children on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based ART had gut microbiome composition that diverged more from HIV-negative controls compared to those on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors-based ART. Further studies investigating the role of this altered gut microbiome in increased disease susceptibility are warranted for individuals who acquired HIV via mother-to-child transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Abange

Martin

Nanfack

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The commensal microbiome forms a dynamic environment that can be altered and cause dysbiosis from virus infection but can be positively modulated by diet components and probiotic treatments. 113 , 114 , 115 Several studies show than an optimal immune response depends on proper diet and nutrition to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. 71 , 116 In general, malnutrition can compromise the immune response, therefore affecting the vulnerability of the response to COVID-19.…”

Section: Changes In the Gut Microbiota Composition Through Diet To Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Villapol

2020

Translational Research

305

302

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the greatest worldwide pandemic since the 1918 flu. The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating and represent the current major public health issue across the globe. At the onset, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system as it represents the main point of entry in the host, but it also can affect multiple organs. Although most of the patients do not present symptoms or are mildly symptomatic, some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 that experience more severe multiorgan dysfunction. The severity of COVID-19 is typically combined with a set of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or advanced age that seriously exacerbates the consequences of the infection. Also, SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain during the early phases of the disease. Intestinal dysfunction induces changes in intestinal microbes, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Thus, diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede respiratory problems during COVID-19 may be necessary for improved early detection and treatment. Uncovering the composition of the microbiota and its metabolic products in the context of COVID-19 can help determine novel biomarkers of the disease and help identify new therapeutic targets. Elucidating changes to the microbiome as reliable biomarkers in the context of COVID-19 represent an overlooked piece of the disease puzzle and requires further investigation. (Translational Research 2020; 226:57À69) Abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ACE2 = Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II; CNS = central nervous system; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CPR = C-reactive protein; H1N1 = influenza A virus; IL = Interleukin; MERS = Middle East respiratory syndrome; PRS = proteomic risk score; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCFA = short-chain fatty acids; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; TMPRSS2 = transmembrane serine protease 2; TNFa = tumor necrosis factor alpha;

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“…Overall, changes to the gut microbiota during HIV infection are influenced by factors including ethnicity, sex, age, geography, dietary habits, lifestyle, operational factors, sample type and treatment (36)(37)(38)(39). In the present study, alterations in the intestinal mucosal microbiota and dysbiosis were identified in HIV-infected patients from Guangzhou, China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Intestinal mucosal microbiota composition of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Guangzhou, China

Zhou

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which includes an increase in the number of mucosa-associated pathobionts. In the present study, the intestinal mucosal microbiota patterns of HIV-infected patients were compared with those of healthy individuals in a population from Guangzhou, China. The gut microbiota of intestinal mucosal samples from 12 patients with HIV (transmission routes included sex and intravenous drug abuse) was compared with that of 12 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. Gut microbial communities were profiled via sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Dysbiosis in HIV-infected individuals was characterized by decreased α-diversity, decreased levels of Firmicutes and increased levels of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, low mean counts of Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Thauera, Dorea and Roseburia inulinivorans, and high mean counts of Halomonas and Shewanella bacteria, were indicated to be HIV-associated mucosal bacterial alterations. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Lachnoclostridium was significantly decreased, while that of Halomonas and Shewanella was significantly increased in patients with sexually transmitted HIV-infection compared with healthy controls. Alterations of the gut microbiota during HIV infection were also indicated to be associated with the route of HIV transmission. Certain bacteria may be potential biomarkers for HIV infection in patients from Guangzhou, China.

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Review on the Alteration of Gut Microbiota: The Role of HIV Infection and Old Age

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with COVID-19: impact on the gut microbiome

Intestinal mucosal microbiota composition of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Guangzhou, China

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