Review on The Effects of Adulterants on Drugabuse Testing in Urine Samples

Abdelati, Mohammed; Hilal, Maha; Mohamed, Khaled Salah; Elsayed, Reda

doi:10.21608/ajfm.2020.102277

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These samples are immediately transferred to the laboratory and cross-matched with the requisition details entered by clinicians. Sample adulteration was assessed using the commercial adulteration strips (ABON and INC), which assess samples based on specific gravity, p H, creatinine and nitrite concentration and presence of glutaraldehyde/oxidant/pyridinium chlorochromate 12 . In most cases, the samples obtained were processed on the same day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine as a marker of cannabis abuse

Sharma,

Rao,

Chand

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives: Cannabis use has long been associated with celebration and hospitality, although abuse must be confirmed through testing. It has always been difficult to develop an accurate and reliable confirmatory method for the quantification of tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) that meets local requirements. The goal was to develop a rapid, cost-effective analytical technique that can handle large batches. Methods: Because of the wide metabolite detection window and ease of collection, urine was preferable sample. The extraction of a pre-screened urine sample (adulteration and multidrug screening) was done on Bond Elut cartridges using a positive pressure vacuum manifold, followed by quantification using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer. Results: The assay was linear between 15 and 300 ng/ml (r 2 of 0.99). The intra-day precision was 8.69 per cent and the inter-day precision was 10.78 per cent, respectively with a 97.5 per cent recovery rate for the lowest concentration. A total of 939 urine samples were examined, with 213 detecting cannabis. Sixty per cent of the total individuals tested positive for simply cannabinoids, 33 per cent for cannabinoids and sedatives, five per cent for cannabinoids and morphine and one for cannabis, morphine and cocaine. Interpretation & conclusions: Assay characteristics included modest sample preparation, rapid chromatography, high specificity and small sample volume with a processing time of 12 h. The assay described here can be applied for diagnostic laboratories and in forensic settings as well.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine as a marker of cannabis abuse

Sharma,

Rao,

Chand

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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“…Klasifikasi tingkat dehidrasi dari warna urin sangat penting untuk mengetahui tingkat keparahan dehidrasi dan memberikan panduan bagi petugas medis atau orang yang ingin mengetahui kondisi kesehatan mereka sendiri. Dengan demikian, klasifikasi tingkat dehidrasi dari warna urin dapat membantu dalam mencegah komplikasi yang lebih serius [7].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Klasifikasi Tingkat Dehidrasi Berdasarkan Warna Urin Menggunakan Metode KNN

Zulfachmi¹,

Syahputra²,

Prasetyo³

et al. 2023

bangkitindonesia

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Tubuh manusia sangat membutuhkan cairan, untuk membantu dalam menjalan fungsi normalnya, jika manusia kekuarangan cairan maka tubuh akan mengalami gangguan dalam menjalankan fungsinya, kekurangan cairan ini disertai oleh gangguan elektrolit dalam tubuh dikarenakan kekuarangan natrium dan air dalam tubuh. Kondisi ini dinamakan dehidrasi. Dehidrasi dibagi menjadi dua tingkatan yaitu dehidrasi ringan dan berat. Penyebab dehidrasi selain kurangnya meminum cairan, dehidrasi juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor iklim atau cuaca panas dan juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor kegiatan fisik yang menguras tenaga yang dapat membuat manusia kekurangan cairan tubuh melalui keringat. Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang terkena dehidrasi atau tidak dapat dilihat melalui warna urinnya. Untuk mempermudah dalam mengklasifikasi seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak maka dapat menggunakan sistem pengolahan citra. Dalam penelitian ini penulis membuat sistem yang dapat melakukan klasifikasi apakah seseorang mengalami dehidrasi atau tidak melalui warna urin yang telah diubah menjadi citra digital dan diproses ke dalam sistem yang dibuat menggunakan Mathlab, dan menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, persentase dari tingkat akurasi dari metode K-Nearest Neighbor adalah 86,67 persen dengan jumlah klasifikasi akurat berjumlah 26 dan jumlah klasifikasi yang tidak akurat berjumlah 4 dari 30 sampel yang didapat dari partisipan yang berasal dari mahasiswa kampus STT Indonesia Tanjungpinang.

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“…Aspirin is a proven drug found to be very effective for treatment related to blood thinning, arthritis, muscle ache and minor pain. A low dose of aspirin for long-term treatment of heart attacks is also recommended [ 34 , 35 ]. One of the most common and popularly known analgesic and antipyretic drugs is paracetamol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to low-cost, rapid and simultaneous colorimetric detection of multiple analytes using 3D printed microfluidic channels

Mishra,

Navariya,

Gupta

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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This research paper presents an inventive technique to swiftly create microfluidic channels on distinct membrane papers, enabling colorimetric drug detection. Using a modified DIY RepRap 3D printer with a syringe pump, microfluidic channels (µPADs) are crafted on a flexible nylon-based substrate. This allows simultaneous detection of four common drugs with a single reagent. An optimized blend of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dissolved in hexane is used to create hydrophobic channels on various filter papers. The PDMS-hexane mixture infiltrates the paper's pores, forming hydrophobic barriers that confine liquids within the channels. These barriers are cured on the printer's hot plate, controlling channel width and preventing spreading. Capillary action drives fluid along these paths without spreading. This novel approach provides a versatile solution for rapid microfluidic channel creation on membrane papers. The DIY RepRap 3D printer integration offers precise control and faster curing. The PDMS-hexane solution accurately forms hydrophobic barriers, containing liquids within desired channels. The resulting microfluidic system holds potential for portable, cost-effective drug detection and various sensing applications.

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Review on The Effects of Adulterants on Drugabuse Testing in Urine Samples

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine as a marker of cannabis abuse

Quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine as a marker of cannabis abuse

Klasifikasi Tingkat Dehidrasi Berdasarkan Warna Urin Menggunakan Metode KNN

A novel approach to low-cost, rapid and simultaneous colorimetric detection of multiple analytes using 3D printed microfluidic channels

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