Review on the Electroluminescence Study of Lanthanide Complexes

Wang, Liding; Zhao, Zifeng; Chen, Wei; Wei, Huibo; Liu, Zhiwei; Bian, Zuqiang; Huang, Chunhui

doi:10.1002/adom.201801256

Cited by 136 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(292 reference statements)

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“…The Boltzmann constant k = 8.62 × 10 −5 eVK −1 , and temperature T = 300K were used for the calculations of N G from Eq. (9). Figure 8b shows that the grain boundary barrier E B = q 3 N 2 G t 8 0 8Gdpc C i V G decreases while the grain boundary mobility GB increases with V G .E B is smaller for L = 5 μ m than (9)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These complexes may potentially be used as emitters in different types of organic light-emitting diodes, depending upon their emission wavelengths. The emission in near-infrared region can be used for night-vision devices [9]. LnPc 2 compounds are found to be intrinsic semiconductors, with the field effect hole mobility in the order of 10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at the interface between the lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc 2 ) active layer and gold electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel length-dependent characterisations of organic thin-film transistors with solution processable gadolinium phthalocyanine derivatives

Barard

Mukherjee

Sarkar

et al. 2019

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Spin-coated 52-nm-thick films of newly synthesised gadolinium liquid crystalline bisphthalocyanine sandwich (GdPc 2 ) complexes with octyl chains non-peripheral positions have been successfully employed as active layers for bottom-gate organic field effect transistors having both short (5 μm) and long (20 μm) channels. The scaling down of the channel length (L) decreases the field effect mobility due to the increase in the contact resistance between the gold electrodes and the GdPc 2 semiconducting layer. Values of on-off ratio and sub-threshold voltage swing are higher nearly one order of magnitude for L = 5 μ m than those for L = 20 μm.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel length-dependent characterisations of organic thin-film transistors with solution processable gadolinium phthalocyanine derivatives

Barard

Mukherjee

Sarkar

et al. 2019

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…pH, temperature, biomolecules). 30 The characteristic emission of Ln 3+ compounds that cover UV, visible, and nearinfrared (NIR) ranges lead to their various applications in materials science 31 and biology: [32][33] from telecommunications, 34 secret tags, 35 lighting, display technologies, 36 and night-vision devices 37 to optical imaging and sensing. [38][39][40][41] Although Ln 3+ luminescence is widely used, f-f transitions suffer from low molar absorptivities (<10 M -1 cm -1 ) due to the Laporte-and spin-forbidden nature of most of such transitions.…”

Section: Metallacrownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible, Near-Infrared, and Dual-Range Luminescence Spanning the 4f Series Sensitized by a Gallium(III)/Lanthanide(III) Metallacrown Structure

et al. 2020

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Lanthanide(III) ions (Ln 3+ ) in coordination compounds exhibit unique luminescent properties with narrow and characteristic f-f transitions throughout the visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. In addition, some Ln 3+ such as Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ and Tm 3+ possess an exceptional ability, although less explored, to exhibit dual-range emissions. Such remarkable features allow highly specific use in materials sciences and biology, for example, for the creation of sophisticated barcode modules or for the next generation of optical imaging applications. Herein, a series of Ga 3+ /Ln 3+ metallacrowns (MCs) with the general composition [LnGa8(shi)8(OH)4]Na•xCH3OH•yH2O (Ln-1, Ln = Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ -Yb 3+ and analogue Y 3+ ; H3shi = salicylhydroxamic acid) is presented. Ln-1 were obtained by reacting Ga 3+ and Ln 3+ nitrate salts with the H3shi ligand. X-ray single crystal unit cell analysis confirmed that all MCs are isostructural. The crystal structure was solved for the Nd 3+ analogue and revealed that Nd 3+ is centered between two [12-MCGa III N(shi)-4] MC rings and bound to eight hydroximate oxygen ions (four from each ring) in a pseudo-square antiprismatic fashion adopting a pseudo-D4h symmetry. PGSE DOSY 1 H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass-spectrometry confirmed that the structure of Ln-1 remains intact in methanol solutions while mass spectrometry suggests that four OHbridges are exchanged with CH3O -/CD3O -. An exceptional ability of this series of MCs to sensitize the characteristic emission of Ln 3+ was confirmed with the observation of bright red and green emission signals of Eu-1 and Tb-1, NIR emissions of Yb-1 and Nd-1, and dual-range emissions of Pr-1, Sm-1, Dy-1, Ho-1, Er-1 and Tm-1 in the solid state upon excitation into ligand-centered bands at 340 nm. The luminescence properties of Ln-1 (Ln = Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Yb 3+ ) were also investigated in CH3OH and CD3OD solutions. For Eu-1 and Yb-1 MCs, more extensive analyses of the photophysical properties were performed that included the determination of radiative lifetimes, intrinsic quantum yields and sensitization efficiencies. The absolute quantum yields ( ) of Ln-1 in the visible and in the NIR ranges have been determined. In the case of Sm-1 the values of in CH3OH and CD3OD solutions are exceptionally high, i.e. 10.1(5) % and 83(1) %. Values obtained for Yb-1, i.e. 0.78(4) % in CH3OH and 8.4(1)% in CD3OD, are among the highest ones reported today for Yb 3+ complexes formed with non-deuterated and non-halogenated ligands.Absorption spectra. Absorption spectra (Figure S9) were collected on freshly prepared 50 µM solutions of Ln-1 in methanol (Merck, Uvasol®) placed in quartz cuvettes on a Jasco V670 UV-visible spectrophotometer in absorbance mode.Synthesis and characterization. All reagents and chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and used without further purification. All reactions were carried out aerobically under ambient conditions. Elemental analysis was performed by Atlantic Microlabs Inc. ESI-M...

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“…The intense absorption of organic chromophores and subsequent sensitizations allow for population inversion of Er 3+ ions at a power density of <1 W/cm 2 , compared with~100 kW/cm 2 required by any inorganic Er 3+ -doped material. In addition, organic semiconductor material hosts allow for electrically driven 1.5-µm EL devices and even 1.5-µm lasers and amplifiers that can be integrated onto silicon photonic circuits [7][8][9][13][14][15] . The sensitization can be attributed to both singlet and triplet excitons of organic chromophores, while triplet excitons 8 are frequently cited to provide more efficient sensitization for Er 3+ excitations than singlet excitons 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced 1.54-μm photo- and electroluminescence based on a perfluorinated Er(III) complex utilizing an iridium(III) complex as a sensitizer

Liu

Lyu

et al. 2020

Light Sci Appl

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Advanced 1.5-µm emitting materials that can be used to fabricate electrically driven light-emitting devices have the potential for developing cost-effective light sources for integrated silicon photonics. Sensitized erbium (Er 3+) in organic materials can give bright 1.5-µm luminescence and provide a route for realizing 1.5-µm organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the Er 3+ electroluminescence (EL) intensity needs to be further improved for device applications. Herein, an efficient 1.5-µm OLED made from a sensitized organic Er 3+ co-doped system is realized, where a "traditional" organic phosphorescent molecule with minimal triplet-triplet annihilation is used as a chromophore sensitizer. The chromophore provides efficient sensitization to a co-doped organic Er 3+ complex with a perfluorinatedligand shell. The large volume can protect the Er 3+ 1.5-µm luminescence from vibrational quenching. The average lifetime of the sensitized Er 3+ 1.5-µm luminescence reaches~0.86 ms, with a lifetime component of 2.65 ms, which is by far the longest Er 3+ lifetime in a hydrogen-abundant organic environment and can even compete with that obtained in the fully fluorinated organic Er 3+ system. The optimal sensitization enhances the Er 3+ luminescence by a factor of 1600 even with a high concentration of the phosphorescent molecule, and bright 1.5-µm OLEDs are obtained.

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Review on the Electroluminescence Study of Lanthanide Complexes

Cited by 136 publications

References 236 publications

Channel length-dependent characterisations of organic thin-film transistors with solution processable gadolinium phthalocyanine derivatives

Channel length-dependent characterisations of organic thin-film transistors with solution processable gadolinium phthalocyanine derivatives

Visible, Near-Infrared, and Dual-Range Luminescence Spanning the 4f Series Sensitized by a Gallium(III)/Lanthanide(III) Metallacrown Structure

Enhanced 1.54-μm photo- and electroluminescence based on a perfluorinated Er(III) complex utilizing an iridium(III) complex as a sensitizer

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