Review on water quality monitoring technologies

Abstract

<span>Water quality monitoring is always the prior element to ensure the drinking water is safe to be consumed. A lot of researches have been carried out over the past decades to design and develop a robust and cost-effective water monitoring system. The conventional water monitoring techniques were based on laboratory instruments which is time-consuming and laborious. Furthermore, it is not suitable when the water sampling point is far from the commercial laboratory centres. These limitations were then been solved by the developments of portable testing kits and microwave technique. The microwave techniques such as spectroscopy techniques and microwave sensor approach have improved the water quality monitoring experience which is convenient without sacrificing the measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Its portability enables the on-site measurement at rural areas and thus reduce the transportation and manpower cost. This paper intends to review the water contaminant detection techniques which include standardized drinking water parameter testing and microwave-based in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Furthermore, this review also emphasizes the current trend of the water quality testing method in microwave technique. At the end of this paper, a significant advantages and drawbacks of the techniques are summarized, and recommendations are provided for future development in the water quality monitoring.</span>

Wastewater as a Source of Productive Water, Biomass, and Energy at Low Cost Against the Respective Scarcities in the Present and the Future in African Countries

“…Concentrations of these analytes can be significantly changed during transport and storage [61]. Samples should be taken with containers, and conserved for analysis of parameters that are total suspended solids and total dissolved solids [62,63]. They must be by the national or international standards.…”

Sensores de calidad de agua para el control de la contaminación fisicoquímica en los acuíferos de Latinoamérica: una revisión

“…Diversos estudios, han explorado el uso de sensores para el monitoreo de las aguas de diferentes acuíferos como ríos y lagos, utilizando tecnologías basada en el internet de las cosas (IoT) y plataformas de prototipaje electrónica como Arduino o computadores basados en placas como Rasberry Pi (Ting & Yee, 2020). En el trabajo realizado por Zulkifli et al (2022), se realizó una revisión sobre los diferentes sistemas de monitoreos basados en IoT, que se han desarrollado para estudiar diferentes cuencas en diversos países y regiones, para la detección de contaminantes, medición de la calidad de agua y el observación del acuíferos en tiempo real, demostrando que este tipo de dispositivos pueden ser vitales para la gestión eficiente del recurso agua (Zulkifli et al, 2022).…”

IoT monitoring system for air quality assessment and collecting data

“…As a result, they're supporting a variety of monitoring methods in order to collect the proper data at the right time [1]. For instance, pollution effects such as air quality, water, and noise were respectively studied in [2]- [5]. Various technologies were used in these investigations to acquire environmental indicators, assess their quality, and analyse their distribution.…”

“…All these kinds of research involve the use of systems which are mainly based on the internet of things (IoT) technologies. As the number of devices connected to the internet is nowadays increasing rapidly, the use of such equipment is becoming a standard in communication between Journal homepage: http://ijeecs.iaescore.com Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752 ❒ 1593 each component for different purposes (medical [9], city management [5], [10], [11], and security issues and threats [12]). The termair pollution (AP) or atmospheric pollution refers to the alteration of the air's chemical composition brought on by toxic gases, which have primarily been produced by human activity in recent years.…”