Review: Potential Transmission of Toxoplasmosis through Consumption of Raw Goat’s Milk

Fatmawati, M.; Suwanti, L.T.; Mufasirin, Mufasirin

doi:10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.8.1687.1692

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The definitive host of T. gondii is cats (Felis catus), while intermediate hosts include poultry, cattle (Bos taurus), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), pigs (Sus domesticus), and other wildlife (Delgado et al 2022). Transmission of T. gondii to humans occurs by consumption of undercooked raw meatcontaminated tissue cysts, raw milk from dairy cattle, and ingestion of oocytes from environmental matrices such as soil, water, fruit, and vegetables (Fatmawati et al 2022;Dumètre and Dardé 2003). Horizontally, there are three stages of T. gondii infection: oocytes, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the consumption of raw goat milk has the potential to transmit toxoplasmosis, and this is an important focus in veterinary animal health. Research on the detection of T. gondii in milk has been carried out in various countries (Fatmawati et al 2022;Stelzer et al 2019). However, in Indonesia, there are no data on detecting T. gondii in goat's milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk

FATMAWATI,

SUWANTI,

MUFASIRIN

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Fatmawati M, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin, Subekti DT, Ekawasti F, Lastuti NDR, Lamid M, Suprihati E, Effendi MH, Al-Arif A. 2023. Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk. Biodiversitas 24: 5905-5911. Dairy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) are intermediate hosts that transmit Toxoplasma gondii to humans through goat milk consumption. T. gondii can invade mammary glands and secrete into milk. The method of detecting gene of the T. gondii in milk is through a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test based on specific genes. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy methods of the T. gondii molecular assay from the extraction, master mix for PCR assay, and primer that is possible to amplify the gene of T. gondii in goat milk for PCR assay. The research method for purification used flotation using concentrated sugar. This research compared the extraction kit from Kit Extraction 1 (K1), Kit Extraction 2 (K2), and Kit Extraction 3 (K3) with the extraction method listed in the brochure. Meanwhile, for the PCR assay, three types of master mix were used, including Master Mix 1 (M1), Master Mix 2 (M2), and Master Mix 3 (M3). The specific genes used included primers B1, ROP, GRA 1, GRA 7, BAG 1, and P30. Tris borate EDTA (TBE) or Phosphate Buffer Saline Solution (PBS) as buffer milk samples gave the same PCR test results. The results show that the principle of a flotation method test using PBS can be used to prepare the milk sample. The research showed that extraction kit 1 (K1) and extraction kit 2 (K2) gave positive results for the positive control. However, in terms of price, K2 is cheaper than K1. So, to optimize DNA extraction, K2 can be used. The master mix that can be used for PCR testing of milk samples is M1 because M1 gives positive results for positive controls and negative results for negative controls. Primers for optimal results used GRA 7 and B1 with denaturation temperature of 94°C, annealing at 56°C, and an extension of 73°C 33. This research concluded that the type of DNA extraction kit affects the PCR test results for detecting T. gondii in goat milk. It is necessary to optimize the type of master mix to be used in PCR testing and primers capable of amplifying the T. gondii gene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk

FATMAWATI,

SUWANTI,

MUFASIRIN

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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show abstract

“…In Indonesia, T. gondii is prevalent in goats (15%-100%), sheep (10%-82.03%), cattle (1.59%-92.6%), poultry (3.8%-30%), free-range chicken (91.64%), ducks (6.1%-20%), and pigs (2.3%-75.9%) [7][8][9][10]. Environmental, ecological, and demographic factors are risk factors for toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

Fatmawati,

Suwanti,

Mufasirin

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii infection is a significant issue of veterinary public health because it is potentially transmitted through goat milk. Therefore, the use of control measures and routine monitoring of toxoplasmosis in dairy goats is necessary. Serological analysis using antibodies can detect T. gondii infection. This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of T. gondii in dairy goats using antibody detection and risk factor identification. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We performed a serological analysis of T. gondii infection in dairy goats to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Random sampling was performed, including 132 lactating dairy goats. Toxoplasma-modified agglutination test was used as a serological test for immunoglobulin G with a sensitivity of 98.55%, specificity of 86.21%, and accuracy of 94.9%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect risk factor data, which were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The statistical package for the social sciences v. 21 was used for statistical analyses. Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in Malang and Lumajang Regency was 100% and 90.7%, respectively. A significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii was observed between the two districts. Livestock management practices that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included water sources (p < 0.05; relative risk [RR] = 1.151; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.044-1.269). Farmers’ characteristics that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included education (p < 0.05; RR = 1.125; 95% CI: 1.037-1.221), main occupation (p < 0.05; RR = 1.118; 95% CI: 1.035- 1.207), and position in the organization of dairy goats farmers (p < 0.05; RR = 1.141; 95% CI: 1.022-1.274). Conclusion: In East Java, the prevalence of T. gondii in dairy goats is high. This study provides detailed information regarding risk factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia. Keywords: dairy goats, risk factor, seroprevalence, toxoplasma modified agglutination test.

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Review: Potential Transmission of Toxoplasmosis through Consumption of Raw Goat’s Milk

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk

Optimization of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction methods for gene detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goat milk

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

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