Review—Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensing of Lead Ion

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern industry, lead is widely used in all walks of life, and its harm to the environment is increasing. Due to the enrichment of heavy metals, the damage lead causes to human health is also growing. As such, rapid and sensitively detection of lead ion (Pb2+) has become an urgent problem to be solved in analytical and environmental disciplines. In recent years, electrochemical methods have received extensive attention in the detection of Pb2+ due to their unique advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost. This review first explains the severe harm of Pb2+ to the human body, then goes into detail on the different electrochemical methods for Pb2+ detection. Afterwards, it comprehensively reviews the recent developments in electrochemical sensing of Pb2+ by using different electrode surface modifications. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of Pb2+ detection are outlined.