Review: recent developments of substrates for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in CWs treating municipal wastewater

Shen, Shuting; Li, Xiang; Cheng, Fangkui; Zha, Xiao Xiong; Lü, Xiwu

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08808-y

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In CWs, removal of NH4 + is complex because it can be removed by various processes such as adsorption onto substrate, plant uptake, and transformation to nitrate by nitrification [49]. In this study, the concentrations of NH4 + in systems with plants growing on porous substrates dramatically decreased within 3 d with high removal rates (6.3 mg L -1 d -1 and 5.6 mg L -1 d -1 for pumice and biochar, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.

Jampeetong

Janyasupab

2022

App. Envi. Res.

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Constructed wetlands (CWs), a cost effective technology for wastewater treatment, consist of substrates and wetland plants, which should be selected carefully to gain highest treatment efficiency. However, studies on plant growth and responses to different types of substrates are very few. This study aims to assess the effects of substrate types on growth and root morphology of Canna indica L. and nitrogen (N) removal. Twenty-four similar sized approximately 1 month old C. indica plants were selected and grown on different substrates (gravel, pumice and biochar). All plants were supplied with a standard growth medium to which 14 mg L-1 NH4+, 14 mg L-1 NO3-, 3 mg L-1 PO43- were added and pH was adjusted to 6.5. The growth solution was renewed every week. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for 45 d. Results showed that growth of C. indica was not significantly different among treatments but differences on root morphology were found. Plants grown on pumice had the largest root diameters while plants grown on biochar had the longest roots. In the gravel-filled treatment, C. indica showed the lowest root diameter and root length but formed more internal air space in its roots. It indicates that types of substrate can affect O2 supply and root morphological adaptation. Moreover, the porous substrate bed systems were capable of eliminating more NH4+ than gravel bed systems, with the NH4+ removal rates of 5.6–6.3 mg L-1 d-1 compared to 4.7 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. The results show that porous substrates can act as plant supporting substrates and play important roles in N adsorption. Also, they can improve oxygen supply and stimulate root growth. Thus, application of porous substrates as filter media could help to increase pollutant removal efficacy of CWs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.

Jampeetong

Janyasupab

2022

App. Envi. Res.

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“…These systems lack plant root adsorption and microbial metabolic activities and only achieve a small amount of physical adsorption. Compared to single steel slag, a combined substrate composed of steel slag and other substrate materials improved N removal due to the relatively suitable environment for microorganisms and plants (Shen et al, 2020). The TN removal of SSCWs with different combined substrate filling modes was as follows: layered combined substrate filling (14.75 mg TN/L) > mixed combined substrate filling (4.38 mg TN/L) (Figure 1B).…”

Section: Significant Influence Of the Substrate Filling Mode On The N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes simultaneously removing N and P efficiently in SSCWs difficult. Combing steel slag with other materials, mixed or layered filling, might address these difficulties by relieving the strong alkalinity in SSCWs, whereas the reduced proportion of steel slag in the substrate could decrease P removal (Shen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetated Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlands can Achieve High Efficiency Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Steel slag substrate constructed wetlands (SSCWs) can effectively remove phosphorus (P) from sewage through Ca-P precipitation and adsorption. Nonetheless, the disadvantages of a high pH value of the effluent and low nitrogen (N) removal efficiency limit the practical application of SSCWs. To improve these shortcomings, plant cultivation and combining steel slag with other substrate materials have been applied in SSCWs. However, related studies have not obtained a unanimous consensus elucidating such improvements. To accurately evaluate improvements, we statistically analyzed the experimental data reported in 27 related papers and found that combining steel slag with other substrate materials in SSCWs significantly increased the removal amount of total nitrogen (TN) (51.58 mg TN/L) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) (74.15 mg NH4+-N/L) but reduced the removal amount of total phosphorus (TP) (7.76 mg TP/L). In these combined substrate SSCWs, plant cultivation could compensate for the decline in TP removal amount and improve upon the simultaneous removal of N and P (6.02 mg TP/L, 62.18 mg TN/L, and 69.16 mg NH4+-N/L). Moreover, compared with vertical flow SSCWs, horizontal flow enables plant-cultivated and combined substrate SSCWs to achieve a higher TP removal capacity (6.38 mg TP/L). In addition, operational parameters, including temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH value, and influent concentration, significantly affected the N and P removal capacity of SSCWs. Our research results provide a theoretical reference for the design and operation of SSCWs for efficient N and P removal.

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“…In wastewater treatment plants that remove biogenic compounds in a biological way, the elimination of ammonium nitrogen is carried out through the processes of metabolic assimilation and dissimilation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In the assimilation process, ammonium nitrogen is used to create new, activated sludge cells, which are then removed from the system in the form of biomass [13,14]. The ratio of metabolizable organic carbon to nitrogen (C:N) determines the rate of biomass growth, and thus the amount of ammonium nitrogen removed with excess activated sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effect of Ammonium Nitrogen on the Nitrification Process and Acclimatisation of Nitrifying Bacteria to High Concentrations of NH4-N in Wastewater

et al. 2021

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The aim of the conducted research was to assess the effectiveness of the nitrification process, at different concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, in biologically treated wastewater in one of the largest municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Poland. The studies also attempted to acclimate nitrifying bacteria to the limited concentration of ammonium nitrogen and determined the efficiency of nitrification under the influence of acclimated activated sludge in the biological wastewater treatment system. The obtained results indicate that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen above 60.00 mg·dm−3 inhibits nitrification, even after increasing the biomass of nitrifiers. The increase in the efficiency of the nitrification process in the tested system can be obtained by using the activated sludge inoculated with nitrifiers. For this purpose, nitrifiers should be preacclimated, at least for a period of time, allowing them to colonize the activated sludge. The acclimated activated sludge allows reducing the amount of ammonium nitrogen in treated sewage by approx. 35.0%. The process of stable nitrification in the biological treatment system was observed nine days after introducing the acclimated activated sludge into the aeration chamber.

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Review: recent developments of substrates for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in CWs treating municipal wastewater

Cited by 33 publications

References 117 publications

Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.

Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.

Vegetated Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlands can Achieve High Efficiency Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

Toxic Effect of Ammonium Nitrogen on the Nitrification Process and Acclimatisation of Nitrifying Bacteria to High Concentrations of NH4-N in Wastewater

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