Review—Reorientation of Polymers in an Applied Electric Field for Electrochemical Sensors

LaFreniere, Joelle; Roberge, Emma; Halpern, Jeffrey Mark

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab6cfe

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…In the absence of an external electric field, electric dipoles are randomly oriented in the material. In the presence electric field, however, these dipoles try to rotate and align themselves in the direction of the electric field; [ 150 ] see Figure 5C,G. Interfacial polarization occurs by applying an external field and also when charges accumulate at the phase boundary between two materials or two regions in a material.…”

Section: Electrical Polarity In Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Electrical Polarity in Electrospinning: A Nanoscale Approach for the Enhancement of the Polymer Fibers' Properties

Urà

Stachewicz

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Thanks to its versatility, electrospinning is a method often used to produce polymer fibers for bioengineering, water, and energy harvesting applications. The change of a single process parameter in electrospinning provides a tremendous opportunity to modify the properties of the materials produced without any additional post‐treatment. One of these is the voltage and electrical polarity applied to the nozzle. The alternating polarity, between positive and negative, causes a change in the types of charges accumulated on the polymer jet. Consequently, the produced fibers show different molecule configurations on the surface, resulting in changes in surface chemistry while tailoring their properties to fit various application needs. This review explains polymer chain reorientation phenomena caused by electrical polarity in electrospinning. Furthermore, the electrical polarity effect on the surface and the mechanical properties of electrospun fibers, and the methods to investigate it is demonstrated. Finally, this review illustrates the significance of electrical polarity in electrospinning as a nanoscale approach to enhance fiber surface properties and their applicability.

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Section: Electrical Polarity In Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Electrical Polarity in Electrospinning: A Nanoscale Approach for the Enhancement of the Polymer Fibers' Properties

Urà

Stachewicz

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…In soft actuators, a shape change can be triggered by wireless stimuli, including magnetic fields, , electrical energy induction, or light irradiation. − In particular, light is easily and inexpensively generated and its intensity, color, and polarization can be precisely controlled with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Light-responsive actuators usually return to their original shape in the dark, and it remains challenging to create new stable states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistable Conventional Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Actuators Using Only Visible Light: The Decisive Role of Small Amounts of Unpolymerized Monomers

Fredrich

Engels

Schenning

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Azobenzene liquid crystal polymers offer the potential to fabricate autonomously operated actuators remotely controlled by light. Usually, in fully polymerized actuators, only three different states can be obtained: the initial state, the metastable light-actuated state, and the recovered state, where the first and last states are identical and stable. Here, we show that conventional azobenzene liquid crystal polymers that retain a small amount of unpolymerized monomers can exhibit multistable deformation states after manual bending and upon irradiation. This nonbonded fraction of monomers migrates under the influence of local stress gradients, such as those resulting from bending, enabling the actuator to adapt its shape to counteract the stresses induced manually or upon irradiation, resulting in stable recovery states that differ from the initial shape. Oscillatory movement of the azobenzenes and photosoftening facilitate monomer migration and thus allow multiple stable shapes using only lower-energy blue and green lights. Such materials have the potential for biomedical and microfluidic applications where light-induced, multistable states are desired and harmful UV-light needs to be avoided.

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“…Amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) have found numerous applications in various fields of science and branches of industry such as drug delivery carriers [1][2][3][4][5], bioactive agents carriers [6,7], tissue engineering materials [8], electrochemical sensors [9], polymer blends [10], polymer membranes [11], nanoreactors with embedded enzymes [12], enhanced-performance supercapacitors [13], anti-bacterial and anti-protein fouling coatings of various materials [14][15][16], surfactants systems for stabilization of various emulsions [17], and polymer solar cells [18]. The final application of copolymers is closely related to the chemical structure, architecture of macromolecules and properties of blocks components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Hydrophilicity and Micellization of Coil-Brush Polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) Copolymer—Comparison with Linear Polystyrene-b-polyglycidol

et al. 2022

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In this paper, an original method of synthesis of coil–brush amphiphilic polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) (PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL)) block copolymers was developed. The hypothesis that their hydrophilicity and micellization can be controlled by polyglycidol blocks architecture was verified. The research enabled comparison of behavior in water of PS-b-PGL copolymers and block–brush copolymers PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL) with similar composition. The coil–brush copolymers were composed of PS-b-PGL linear core with average DPn of polystyrene 29 and 13 of polyglycidol blocks. The DPn of polyglycidol side blocks of coil–b–brush copolymers were 2, 7, and 11, respectively. The copolymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, and FTIR methods. The hydrophilicity of films from the linear and coil–brush copolymers was determined by water contact angle measurements in static conditions. The behavior of coil–brush copolymers in water and their critical micellization concentration (CMC) were determined by UV-VIS using 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-trien (DPH) as marker and by DLS. The CMC values for brush copolymers were much higher than for linear species with similar PGL content. The results of the copolymer film wettability and the copolymer self-assembly studies were related to fraction of hydrophilic polyglycidol. The CMC for both types of polymers increased exponentially with increasing content of polyglycidol.

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Review—Reorientation of Polymers in an Applied Electric Field for Electrochemical Sensors

Cited by 19 publications

References 186 publications

The Significance of Electrical Polarity in Electrospinning: A Nanoscale Approach for the Enhancement of the Polymer Fibers' Properties

The Significance of Electrical Polarity in Electrospinning: A Nanoscale Approach for the Enhancement of the Polymer Fibers' Properties

Multistable Conventional Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Actuators Using Only Visible Light: The Decisive Role of Small Amounts of Unpolymerized Monomers

Synthesis, Hydrophilicity and Micellization of Coil-Brush Polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) Copolymer—Comparison with Linear Polystyrene-b-polyglycidol

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