Review—Research Progress and Prospects of Li-Air Battery in Wearable Devices

Abstract

Li-air batteries have high theoretical energy density, making them a powerful candidate for flexible electrical products power supply. However, there are many challenges to commercializing Li-air battery in wearable devices, such as the problem of H2O and CO2 gas pollution and electrolyte volatilization caused by open structure. In addition, the construction of high efficiency flexible cathode, effective protection of anode materials, and the suppression of Li dendrites, and reasonable temperature control methods are all problems to be solved. At present, great progress has been made in the research of Li-air batteries, but there is still a lack of decisive breakthrough, which is due to the insufficient basic research. This review summarizes the research progress and challenges of flexible Li-air batteris in recent years for wearable devices, and prospects its future development direction.

Review—Early Efforts to Develop Practical Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

“…34 Our paper reporting on the discovery of Li-air battery in the Journal Electrochemical Society received more than two thousand citations, and it helped initiate worldwide research and development of the Li-air battery which is still in full force. 38 We have also found that a Magnesium/Oxygen battery could be constructed with a Mg ion conducting polymer electrolyte of the composition, 30PVdF-HFP-62.5 EC/PC-7.5Mg(ClO4)2 where PVdF-HFP is poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropene with a conductivity of 1.2 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 20 °C. This Mg/O 2 cell showed an open circuit potential of ∼1.2 V at room temperature, lower than the calculated value of 2.93 V, and its discharge voltage ranged between 0.7 to 1.1 V depending on the state of charge.…”

Vacancy designed 2D materials for electrodes in energy storage devices

“…have been developed. [200][201][202] Great attention has been paid in the development of such batteries because of their enhanced theoretical capacity as well as their low cost. Vacancy engineering played a vital role on the improvement in battery performance for various electrode materials, including metal oxides/mixed metal oxides, sulphides, hydroxides, etc.…”

Metal–air batteries for powering robots

“…Lithium metal, as a highly reactive metal, possesses a high reduction potential and low oxidation potential, resulting in a higher theoretical voltage and theoretical energy density in Liair batteries. [41][42][43] However, due to its high reactivity, lithium is unsuitable for operation in high-temperature and highhumidity environments. In contrast, Zn-air batteries (ZABs), utilizing the less reactive zinc metal, offer a lower theoretical voltage and energy density but are more adaptable to hightemperature and humid conditions.…”