Review; Risk Assessment of Aerosolized SWCNTs, MWCNTs, Fullerenes and Carbon Black

Abstract

In this paper we review the risk assessment of carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), fullerenes and carbon black, and summarize elemental carbon (EC) analyses for the determination of the those nanomaterials, focusing on the inhalation exposure of airborne nanomaterials. In the reports of hazard assessment, the proposed OELs (Occupational Exposure Limits) of MWCNTs and SWCNTs ranged from 1 to 50 μg/m 3 . The fullerenes and carbon black seem to be less toxic than the CNTs. In the reports of exposure assessment, the aerosol concentrations of MWCNTs and SWCNTs in work environments were from less than 0.1 to more than 100 μg/m 3 . The expected minimum concentration of airborne MWCNTs in the EC analyses was around 1 μg/m 3 , but the concentrations of EC in ambient particulate matters (APM) were more than 1 μg/m 3 in urban environments. The EC analysis introduced in this paper is a convenient method to quantify the carbonaceous nanomaterials in the samples, but size-classification of aerosol samples by cascade impactor and observation using electron microscopes are needed to confirm the characteristics of the nanomaterials.

Isolation of Carbon Black from Soils by Dispersion for Analysis: Quantitation and Characterization by Field Flow Fractionation Techniques

“…Moreover, impact studies of CB materials in marine microcrustacean revealed their toxicity in filter-feeding organisms. , On the other hand, in the terrestrial environments, CB produces an increase risk to the pristine nature of agricultural ecosystems, threatening terrestrial organism habitats and faunal biodiversity . Earthworm, whose biochemical responses are regarded as an early warning of soil heavy metal and pesticide pollution, may be considerably affected by the presence of this nanomaterial. , In the same way, potential transition of CB from soil to the atmosphere could induce harmful effects on human health such as cytotoxicity to cells and possible carcinogenic tumors. , For these reasons, it is necessary to develop reliable extraction and characterization procedures to analyze, remove, recover, and reuse CB from the environment.…”

“… 19 , 20 In the same way, potential transition of CB from soil to the atmosphere could induce harmful effects on human health such as cytotoxicity to cells and possible carcinogenic tumors. 21 , 22 For these reasons, it is necessary to develop reliable extraction and characterization procedures to analyze, remove, recover, and reuse CB from the environment.…”

Novel pH-responsive nanohybrid for simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel: an in-silico insight

“…The authors recommended the non-toxic dose for biomedical application of the C60 is 75–150 mg/kg [ 47 ]. Another study showed that the mice had an inflammatory pulmonary response subsequent to inhalation of the C60 [ 51 ]. Vasyukova et al showed that C60 harms the embryo of mammalians.…”

Carbon black nanoparticles induce HDAC6-mediated inflammatory responses in 16HBE cells

“…It has been reported that the annual production of CBNPs has reached more than megatons for decades, making them one of the top 50 industrial chemicals in the world (Voll, 2010). CBNPs have been widely used in numerous industries such as rubber, tires, plastics, dyes, and printing inks, and they are one of the most common occupational hazards to cause impaired pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumoconiosis in various manufacturing industries (Gardiner, 1995;Myojo and Ono-Ogasawara, 2018;Niranjan and Thakur, 2017). Thus, the adverse health effects and mechanism of CBNPs in lung tissue need to be more fully evaluated.…”