Review: Role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis

Bizikova, Petra; Pucheu‐Haston, Cherie M.; Eisenschenk, Melissa; Marsella, Rosanna; Nuttall, Tim; Santoro, Domenico

doi:10.1111/vde.12198

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The reason for this is unclear. Studies have not found sex to be a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis or food allergy 39–41 . It is possible that there is some unknown variable that could explain the result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus pseudintermediusand the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantS. pseudintermediusin small animals in Finland

Grönthal

Eklund

Thomson

et al. 2017

J. Antimicrob. Chemother.

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Objectives: To investigate antimicrobial susceptibility in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the occurrence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), to explore the molecular structure of the MRSP population and to analyse risk factors for MRSP.Methods: Susceptibility data for clinical S. pseudintermedius isolates in 2011–15 were analysed using WHONET. All MRSP isolates in 2010–14 (n = 362) were typed using PFGE. Representative isolates (n = 87) of clusters were analysed using MLST and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Of the clinical S. pseudintermedius (n = 1958; 98% from dogs), 14% were MRSP. Resistance to other antimicrobials varied between 12% and 39%. No trends were observed over time. Among clinical specimens (from infection sites) and screening specimens (from potential carriers), respectively, 2.5% (267/10 813) and 9% (211/2434) revealed MRSP. MLST revealed 42 different STs, including 19 new ones. Clonal complexes 71, 45 and 258 were the most common, but the MRSP population diversified over the years. A clinical S. pseudintermedius isolate was more likely to be MRSP if the patient was on antimicrobials at the time of sampling or was male. The presence of MRSP in screening specimens was more likely if the patient was on multiple antimicrobials at the time of sampling. Specimens from private clinics (versus the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Helsinki) had a higher likelihood of MRSP in both analyses.Conclusions: Resistance to antimicrobials among S. pseudintermedius in Finland is high, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures and susceptibility testing prior to therapy. The diverse MRSP population indicates non-clonal spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus pseudintermediusand the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantS. pseudintermediusin small animals in Finland

Grönthal

Eklund

Thomson

et al. 2017

J. Antimicrob. Chemother.

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“…Canine AD is a common, genetically predisposed, inflammatory and pruritic skin disease with varied clinical features most commonly associated with IgE antibodies to environmental allergens (Halliwell 2006, Miller and others 2013, Hensel and others, 2015). There are no pathognomonic clinical signs to definitively diagnose AD on presentation (Hensel 2015); therefore, a thorough and regimented diagnostic plan is imperative for diagnosing AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent development of generalised demodicosis, dermatophytosis and meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius secondary to inappropriate treatment of atopic dermatitis in an adult dog

Lockwood

Mount²,

Lewis

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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A four-year-old female spayed mongrel dog was presented in May 2015 with a two-year history of poorly controlled atopic dermatitis (AD) and increased pruritus over the last few months. Current medications included Apoquel, prednisone, diphenhydramine and cephalexin. A deep skin scrape revealed Demodex canis and Demodex cornei and superficial cytology revealed coccoid bacteria. Aerobic skin culture revealed meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and dermatophyte culture grew Microsporum canis. Therapy included discontinuation and taper of immunosuppressive medications, oral enrofloxacin and ivermectin and Malaseb shampoo. Complete resolution of demodicosis, dermatophytosis and MRSP was accomplished in four months. Long-term control of AD was established by using low-dose prednisone therapy with no relapse in infectious disease. This case illustrates the risk of development of multiple infectious diseases secondary to immunosuppression with multimodal drug therapy for treatment of AD, and it exemplifies the importance of performing in-house diagnostic testing.

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“…Epidermal barrier function is impaired in cAD, suggesting a route for epicutaneous sensitization (Santoro et al, 2015). The pathogenesis of cAD is multifactorial and complex interactions between genetics and environment are hypothesized, as in human AD (Bizikova et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Evaluation of the Skin Microbiome and Association with Microenvironment and Treatment in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Bradley

Morris

Rankin

et al. 2016

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

145

176

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Host-microbe interactions may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by universal colonization with Staphylococcus. To examine the relationship between epidermal barrier function and the cutaneous microbiota in AD, this study employed a spontaneous model of canine AD (cAD). In a cohort of 14 dogs with cAD, the skin microbiota was longitudinally evaluated with parallel assessment of skin barrier function at disease flare, during antimicrobial therapy and posttherapy. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed decreased bacterial diversity and increased proportions of Staphylococcus (S. pseudintermedius in particular) and Corynebacterium in comparison to a cohort of healthy control dogs (n=16). Treatment restored bacterial diversity with decreased Staphylococcus proportions, concurrent with decreased cAD severity. Skin barrier function, as measured by corneometry, pH, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) also normalized with treatment. Bacterial diversity correlated with TEWL and pH, but not corneometry. These findings provide insights into the relationship between the cutaneous microbiome and skin barrier function in AD, the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the skin microbiome, and highlight the utility of cAD as a spontaneous non-rodent model of AD.

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Review: Role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis

Cited by 64 publications

References 88 publications

Antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus pseudintermediusand the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantS. pseudintermediusin small animals in Finland

Antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus pseudintermediusand the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantS. pseudintermediusin small animals in Finland

Concurrent development of generalised demodicosis, dermatophytosis and meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius secondary to inappropriate treatment of atopic dermatitis in an adult dog

Longitudinal Evaluation of the Skin Microbiome and Association with Microenvironment and Treatment in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

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